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The Italian peninsula before the Roman conquest was home to a large number of languages, both Indo-European and non-Indo-European. 1 Among these languages, the following have been thought to descend from a common ancestor, Proto-Italic (cf. Figure 8.1 ).
- Telugu
- Malayalam
- Kannada
- Tamil
- Specialist Dictionaries
- Badaga
- Tulu
- The Future
In the modern era, we encounter substantial dictionary making, particularly among the four literary languages. Telugu was the first Dravidian language to receive a major dictionary. Given that Telugu had (and continues to have) the largest number of speakers of any Dravidian language, and that the commercial interests of the Madras Presidency loome...
In 1872, Hermann Gundert produced A Malayalam and English dictionary (Gundert 1872). It runs to 1116 pages. While it has been frequently reprinted for over a century, students and other readers need to be aware that the Malayalam script was reformed in 1971 under the aegis of the Kerala government; this reform particularly affected the graphs for t...
In 1894, Ferdinand Kittel produced his Kannaḍa-English Dictionary (Kittel 1894). Subsequently, the University of Madras took over responsibility for the dictionary and issued an enlarged and revised edition in four volumes between 1968 and 1971. There remains a need for an updated, comprehensive dictionary of the language which will more adequately...
Between 1924 and 1936, the University of Madras brought out the Tamil lexicon in six volumes. The project was supported by grants from the colonial government; the final cost of producing the dictionary was approximately Rs. 4 million (the original estimate was pegged at Rs. 1 million). The Tamil lexicon copied some of the scholarly methods used in...
Dialect dictionaries
Beginning in 1962, the government of Andhra Pradesh began to issue a set of Telugu occupational dictionaries with each volume based on a traditional industry such as agriculture or weaving (Gilliéron et al. 1902; Krishnamurti 1962). Following the example of Jules Gilliéron et al.’s Atlas linguistique de la France(1902–1910), trained researchers were sent into the fields and villages of Telugu-speaking communities in what are now the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana to collect words, usa...
Etymological dictionaries
The Dravidian Etymological Dictionary, Revised Edition (DEDR) was produced in 1984 (DEDR et al. 1984). The product of decades of work by Thomas Burrow and Murray Emeneau, it collects words from all known Dravidian languages which cannot be traced to other languages or families, and arranges them into entries proposed to be etymologically related. While in a Roman transcription, it utilizes the Indic alphabetic order. Its primary purpose is to aid in historical-linguistic tasks such as subgrou...
In 1992, P. Hockings and C. Pilot-Raichoor brought out A Badaga-English Dictionary, an 865-page dictionary of Badaga (Hockings and Pilot-Raichoor 1992). An offshoot of Kannada, Badaga is spoken by a tribal group that appears to have migrated to the Nilgiri Mountains four or five centuries ago, to escape the predations of warlords in the Mysore coun...
Used by perhaps three million speakers along the coast in Karnataka and Kerala, Tulu has a written literature that dates back perhaps 400 years. However, the literacy of Tulu speakers in Tulu has generally lagged behind their literacy in other regional languages such as Kannada or Malayalam so that Tulu is predominantly a spoken language (Kodagu is...
Dictionary making remains popular for the Dravidian languages. We may point to such projects as the Tulu lexicon, whose volumes with over 100,000 words appeared between 1979 and 1997. This project draws both from texts and from extensive fieldwork to represent both the written and the spoken registers of the language. Since the majority of the Drav...
Nov 17, 2022 · Italic Languages. The Italic languages are a subfamily of the Indo-European language family, originally spoken by Italic peoples. They include Latin and its descendants (the Romance languages) as well as a number of extinct languages of the Italian Peninsula, including Umbrian, Oscan, Faliscan, South Picene, and possibly Venetic and Sicel.
Telugu ( / ˈtɛlʊɡuː /; [6] తెలుగు, Telugu pronunciation: [ˈt̪eluɡu]) is a Dravidian language native to the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, where it is also the official language. Spoken by about 96 million people (2022), [7] Telugu is the most widely spoken member of the Dravidian language family, and one of the twenty-two scheduled languages of the Republic ...
Italic languages - Romance, Latin, Indo-European: Lexical comparison leads to more specific data about the history of the Italic languages. There are linguistic boundaries called isoglosses that may date back to pre-Italic history: e.g., Oscan humuns, Latin homines, and Gothic gumans ‘human beings’ derive from an Indo-European root that meant ‘earth’; and Oscan anamúm ‘mind ...
Since you already know you need Hindi Telugu book and eBook translation services, you may need to do a little bit Google search to contact a Hindi Telugu book and eBook translator. As we mentioned in part one, a good translation requires more than an automated converter. The steps are simple, but they are necessary for a successful translation.
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The Italic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family. They were first spoken in Italy. The main language was Latin, which eventually turned into the Romance languages spoken today. The Roman Empire spread Latin to much of Western Europe. Today, the main Italic languages spoken are Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian. There were other branches of Italic ...
