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May 6, 2024 · Crusades, military expeditions, beginning in the late 11th century, that were organized by western European Christians in response to centuries of Muslim wars of expansion. The Crusades took place from 1095 until the 16th century, when the advent of Protestantism led to the decline of papal authority.
- Crusades
Crusades - Holy War, Jerusalem, Europe: Western Europe...
- Council of Clermont
Council of Clermont, an assembly for church reform called by...
- The Institutions of The First Kingdom
Crusades - Holy War, Jerusalem, Reconquest: Extensive...
- From Constantinople to Antioch
Crusades - Constantinople, Antioch, Pilgrimage: In 1097 the...
- Battle of Arsūf
Battle of Arsūf, famous victory won by the English king...
- Crusades
- Early Life
- Revolt Against Henry II
- Shifting Alliances
- Victory and Becoming King
- The Crusade Begins
- Shifting Alliances in The Holy Land
- Battling Saladin
- Returning to England
- Death
- Legacy
Born September 8, 1157, Richard the Lionheart was the third legitimate son of King Henry II of England. Often believed to have been the favorite son of his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Richard had three older siblings, William (who died in infancy), Henry, and Matilda, as well as four younger: Geoffrey, Lenora, Joan, and John. As with many English...
Well-educated and of dashing appearance, Richard quickly demonstrated skill in military matters and worked to enforce his father's rule in the French lands. In 1174, encouraged by their mother, Richard and his brothers Henry (the Young King) and Geoffrey (Duke of Brittany) rebelled against their father's rule. Responding quickly, Henry II was able ...
Ruling with an iron fist, Richard was forced to put down major revolts in 1179 and 1181–1182. During this time, tensions again rose between Richard and his father when the latter demanded that his son pay homage to his older brother Henry. Refusing, Richard was soon attacked by Henry the Young King and Geoffrey in 1183. Confronted by this invasion ...
In 1189, Richard and Philip's forces united against Henry II and won a victory at Ballans in July. Meeting with Richard, Henry agreed to name him as his heir. Two days later, Henry died and Richard ascended to the English throne. He was crowned at Westminster Abbey in September 1189. Following his coronation, a rash of anti-Semitic violence swept t...
Rendezvousing with Philip at Sicily, Richard aided in settling a succession dispute on the island, which involved his sister Joan, and conducted a brief campaign against Messina. During this time, he proclaimed his nephew, Arthur of Brittany, to be his heir, leading his brother John to start planning a revolt at home. Moving on, Richard landed in C...
Arriving in the Holy Land, Richard gave his support to Guy of Lusignan, who was fighting a challenge from Conrad of Montferrat for the kingship of Jerusalem. Conrad was in turn backed by Philip and Duke Leopold V of Austria. Putting aside their differences, the Crusaders captured Acrethat summer. After taking the city, problems again arose as Richa...
Pushing south, Richard defeated Saladin at Arsufon September 7, 1191, and then attempted to open peace negotiations. Initially rebuffed by Saladin, Richard spent the early months of 1192 refortifying Ascalon. As the year wore on, both Richard and Saladin's positions began to weaken and the two men entered into negotiations. Knowing that he could no...
Shipwrecked en route to England, Richard was forced to travel overland and was captured by Leopold in December. Imprisoned first in Dürnstein and then at Trifels Castle in the Palatinate, Richard was largely kept in comfortable captivity. For his release, the Holy Roman EmperorHenry VI demanded 150,000 marks. While Eleanor of Aquitaine worked to ra...
Constructing an alliance against his former friend, Richard won several victories over the French during the next five years. In March 1199, Richard laid siege to the small castle of Chalus-Chabrol. On the night of March 25, while walking along the siege lines, he was struck in the left shoulder by an arrow. Unable to remove it himself, he summoned...
Richard has a mixed legacy, as some historians point to his military skill and the daring necessary to go on crusade, while others emphasize his cruelty and neglect for his realm. Though king for 10 years, he only spent around six months in England and the remainder of his reign in his French lands or abroad. He was succeeded by his brother John.
King Richard I of England, known as Richard the Lionheart, is one of the most iconic figures of the medieval era, celebrated for his role in the Third Crusade. His reign, though brief, was a period of intense military campaigns, political intrigue, and a relentless quest for glory.
Oct 12, 2018 · The Crusades were a series of military campaigns organised by popes and Christian western powers to take Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control and then defend those gains. There were eight major official crusades between 1095 and 1270, as well as many more unofficial ones.
- Mark Cartwright
Richard I (more commonly known as Richard Cœur de Lion or Richard the Lionheart) was a king of England who lived during the 12th century. He is arguably best-known for the role he played in the Third Crusade.
After Saladin captured Jerusalem in 1187 following a victory at the Battle of Hattin, Pope Gregory VIII ordered a Third Crusade in an attempt to reclaim the Holy Land. King Richard I of England - later known as ‘Coeur de Lion’ or ‘the Lion-hearted’ - was keen to lead the charge.
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What did King Richard I say about the Third Crusade?
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When did the Crusades start?
This is the most famous Crusade as Saladin faced Richard the Lionheart, King of England. While Richard triumphed over Saladin on several occasions, he could not capture Jerusalem. Afterwards, other Crusades took place.
