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Medieval music encompasses the sacred and secular music of Western Europe during the Middle Ages, from approximately the 6th to 15th centuries. It is the first and longest major era of Western classical music and is followed by the Renaissance music; the two eras comprise what musicologists generally term as early music, preceding the common practice period.
Muzika klasike. Foto-modifikim i disa kompozitorëve më të shquar të muzikës klasike. Nga e majta - në të djathtë: Muzika klasike është arti i muzikës që prodhohet ose që ka rrënjët në muzikën tradicionale perëndimore. Ai përfshin një hapësirë të gjerë të kohës nga afërsisht shekullit të 11 deri në ditët e sotme [1] .
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- Overview
- Early Medieval Music
- High Medieval Music
- Early Liturgical Composers
- Late Medieval Music
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Styles and trends
The only medieval music which can be studied is that which was written down and has survived. Since creating musical manuscripts was very expensive, due to the expense of parchment, and the huge amount of time necessary for a scribe to copy it all down, only wealthy institutions were able to create manuscripts which have survived to the present time. These institutions generally included the church and associated operations, such as monasteries. Some secular music, as well as sacred music, wa...
Instruments
The instruments used to perform medieval music still exist, though in different forms. The medieval "cornet" differed immensely from its modern counterpart, the trumpet, not least in traditionally being made of ivory or wood rather than metal. Cornets in medieval times were quite short. They were either straight or somewhat curved, and construction only became standardized on a curved version by approximately the middle fifteenth century. In one side, there would be several holes. The flute w...
Genres
In this era, music was both sacred and secular, although almost no early secular music has survived, and since musical notation was a relatively late development, reconstruction of this music, especially before the twelfth century, is currently subject to conjecture.
Early chant traditions
Chant (or plainsong) is a monophonic sacred form which represents the earliest known music of the Christian church. The Jewish Synagogue tradition of singing psalmswas a strong influence on Christian chanting. Chant developed separately in several European centers. The most important were Rome, Spain, Gaul, Milan, and Ireland. These chants were all developed to support the regional liturgies used when celebrating the Mass there. Each area developed its own chants and rules for celebration. In...
Gregorian chant
A doctrinally unified version which came together under the supervision of Rome in approximately the ninth century was called Gregorian chant, a type of plainsong that was central to the musical tradition of Europe in the Medieval era. The actual melodies that make up the repertory probably come from several sources, some as far back as the pontificate of Gregory the Great himself (c. 590–604). Many of them were probably written in the politically stable, relatively literate setting of wester...
Early polyphony: Organum
Around the end of the ninth century, singers in monasteries such as the Abbey of St. Gall in Switzerland began experimenting with adding another part to the chant, generally a human voice in contrary motion or parallel motion, singing in mostly perfect perfect fourths or perfect fifths with the original tune. This development is called organum, and represents the beginnings of harmony and, ultimately, counterpoint. Over the next several centuries organum developed in several ways. The most si...
Ars antiqua
The flowering of the Notre Dame school of polyphony, from around 1150 to 1250, corresponded to the equally impressive achievements in Gothic architecture: Indeed the center of activity was at the cathedral of Notre Dame itself. Sometimes, the music of this period is called the Parisian school, or Parisian organum, and represents the beginning of what is conventionally known as Ars antiqua. This was the period in which rhythmicnotation first appeared in western music, mainly a context-based me...
Historian Arnold Toynbee asserted that the Christian church in Europe was "the chrysalis out of which Western music emerged." Greek philosophy (which came to the early Christian Church via Rome) held that music was a medium that had connections to the forces of nature and possessed the power to affect human thought and conduct, was assimilated into...
France: Ars nova
The beginning of the Ars nova is one of the few clean chronological divisions in medieval music, since it corresponds to the publication of the Roman de Fauvel, a huge compilation of poetry and music, in 1310 and 1314. The Roman de Fauvel is a satire on abuses in the medieval church, and is filled with medieval motets, lais, rondeaux and other new secular forms. While most of the music is anonymous, it contains several pieces by Philippe de Vitry, one of the first composers of the isorhythmic...
Italy: Trecento
Most of the music of Ars nova was French in origin; however, the term is often loosely applied to all of the music of the fourteenth century, especially to include the secular music in Italy. There this period was often referred to as Trecento. Italian music has always, it seems, been known for its lyrical or melodic character, and this goes back to the fourteenth century in many respects. Italian secular music of this time (what little surviving liturgical music there is, is similar to the F...
Germany: Geisslerlieder
The Geisslerlieder were the songs of wandering bands of flagellants, who sought to appease the wrath of an angry God by penitential music accompanied by mortification of their bodies. There were two separate periods of activity of Geisslerlied: One around the middle of the thirteenth century, from which, unfortunately, no music survives (although numerous lyrics do); and another from 1349, for which both words and music survive intact due to the attention of a single priest who wrote about th...
Caldwell, John. Medieval Music. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1978. ISBN 0-253-33731-3.Grout, Daniel J. A History of Western Music.New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc, 1960. ISBN 393-09537-1.Hoppin, Richard H. Medieval Music. New York: W. W. Norton, 1978. ISBN 0-393-09090-6.McKinnon, James (ed.). Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1990. ISBN 0-130-36153-4.All links retrieved September 14, 2018. 1. Medieval Music & Arts Foundation 2. Wine, Women, and Song: Mediaeval Latin Students' songs, trans. John Addington Symons (1884).
Muzika. Muzika është arti i shprehjes së ndjenjave dhe mendimeve me anë të tingujve. Elementet kryesore të muzikës janë toni (ku përfshihet: melodia dhe harmonia), ritmi (bashkë me konceptet e afërta që janë tempo, metri dhe artikulimi), dinamika, si dhe kualiteti zënor.
Mar 22, 2023 · Media in category "Medieval music". The following 54 files are in this category, out of 54 total. Title page of Jean de Latre's 'Lamentationes aliquot Ieremiae', volume for tenor (1554).jpeg 863 × 654; 579 KB. Title page of the 'Sacrarum cantionum' (1554 to 1555) (Waelrant and de Laet).jpg 1,108 × 763; 162 KB.
Muzika popullore është muzika tradicionale, zhanri që evoloi prej saj gjatë ringjalljes popullore të shekullit XX. Disa lloje të muzikës popullore mund të quhen muzikë botërore. Muzika tradicionale popullore është përcaktuar në disa mënyra: si muzikë që transmetohet gojarisht, muzikë me kompozitorë të panjohur, ose muzikë e ...
Músicos tocando la vihuela española en las Cantigas de Santa María de Alfonso X de Castilla, siglo XIII. La música medieval comprende toda la música de Europa Occidental compuesta durante la Edad Media, aproximadamente, entre la Caída del Imperio romano de Occidente en 476 y el siglo XV, centuria cuya música suele ya clasificarse como propia del Renacimiento. [1]
