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Vườn quốc gia Grand Canyon là vườn quốc gia nằm ở phía tây bắc tiểu bang Arizona, Hoa Kỳ. Trung tâm của nó là Grand Canyon là một hẻm núi của sông Colorado, được coi là một trong những Kỳ quan thế giới.
Its capital and largest city is Phoenix . Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912. Historically part of the territory of Alta California and Nuevo México in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821.
- Paleo-Indian Period
- Archaic Period
- Post-Archaic Period
- Spanish and Mexican Arizona
- American Arizona
- Early 20th Century
- After 1945
- Recent Events
- See Also
- Bibliography
Paleo-Indians settled what is now Arizona around 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. According to most archaeologists, the Paleo-Indians initially followed herds of big game—megafauna such as mammoths, mastodons, and bison—into North America. The traveling groups also collected and utilized a wide variety of smaller game animals, fish, and a wide variety o...
The Archaic time frame is defined culturally as a transition from a hunting/gathering lifestyle to one involving agriculture and permanent, if only seasonally occupied, settlements. In the Southwest, the Archaic is generally dated from 8000 years ago to approximately 1800 to 2000 years ago. During this time the people of the southwest developed a v...
In the Post-Archaic period, the Ancestral Puebloan, the Hohokam, the Mogollon and Sinagua cultures inhabited what is now Arizona. These cultures built structures made out of stone. Some of the structures that these cultures built are called pueblos. Pueblos are monumental structures that housed dozens to thousands of people. In some Ancestral Puebl...
The history of Arizona as recorded by Europeans began in 1539 with the first documented exploration of the area by Marcos de Niza, early work expanded the following year when Francisco Vásquez de Coronadoentered the area as well. The Spanish established a few missions in southern Arizona in the 1680s by Father Eusebio Francisco Kino along the Santa...
Starting in 1853, the entirety of present-day Arizona was part of the New Mexico Territory. In 1849, the California Gold Rush led as many as 50,000 miners to travel across the region, leading to a boom in Arizona's population. In 1850, Arizona and New Mexico formed the New Mexico Territory. In 1853, President Franklin Pierce sent James Gadsden to M...
Tourism
By 1869 Americans were reading John Wesley Powell's reports of his explorations of the Colorado River. In 1901, the Santa Fe Railroad reached Grand Canyon's South Rim. With railroad, restaurant and hotel entrepreneur Fred Harvey leading the way, large-scale tourism began that has never abated.The Grand Canyon has become an iconic symbol of the West and the nation as a whole.
Chinese
The Chinese came to Arizona with the construction of the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1880. Tucson was the main railroad center and soon had a Chinatown with laundries for the general population and a rich mix of restaurants, groceries, and services for the residents. Chinese and Mexican merchants and farmers transcended racial differences to form 'guanxi,' which were relations of friendship and trust. Chinese leased land from Mexicans, operated grocery stores, and aided compatriots attemptin...
Statehood
In February 1903, U.S. Senator Hamilton Kean spoke against Arizona's statehood. He said Mormons who fled from Idaho to Mexico would return to the U.S. and mix in the politics of Arizona. In 1912, Arizona almost entered the Union as part of New Mexico in a Republican plan to keep control of the U.S. Senate. The plan, while accepted by most in New Mexico, was rejected by most Arizonans. Progressivesin Arizona favored inclusion in the state constitution of the initiative, referendum, recall, dir...
After World War II the population grew rapidly, increasing sevenfold between 1950 and 2000, from 700,000 to over 5 million. Most of the growth was in the Phoenix area, with Tucsona distant second. Urban growth doomed the state's citrus industry, as the groves were turned into housing developments. The cost of water made growing cotton less profitab...
Super Bowl XXX was played in Tempe in 1996 and Super Bowl XLII was held in Glendale in 2008. Super Bowl XLIX was also held in Glendalein 2015. Illegal immigration continued to be a prime concern within the state, and in April 2010, Arizona SB1070 was passed and signed into law by Governor Jan Brewer.The measure attracted national attention as the m...
Surveys
1. Cheek, Lawrence W. (1995). Arizona. (Oakland, CA: Compass American Guides). ISBN 1878867725 2. Johnson, G. Wesley Jr., ed. (1993). Phoenix in the Twentieth Century: Essays in Community History. Univ. of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0806124687. 3. Johnson, G. Wesley Jr. Phoenix, Valley of the Sun(1982), popular 4. Luckingham, Bradford. Phoenix: The History of a Southwestern Metropolis(1995) 5. Lucy, Beth and Noel J. Stowe, eds. Arizona at Seventy-Five: The Next Twenty-Five Years(Arizona Historical...
Economy and environment
1. August, Jack L., and Grady Gammage. "Shaped by water: An Arizona historical perspective." in Arizona Water Policy(Routledge, 2010) pp. 10–25. 2. Grimm, Nancy B., and Charles L. Redman. "Approaches to the study of urban ecosystems: The case of Central Arizona—Phoenix." Urban ecosystems 7 (2004): 199–213. online 3. Haskett, Bert. "The Early History of the Cattle Industry in Arizona," Arizona Historical Review(October 1935), 6#1 pp. 3–42 4. Haskett, Bert. "History of the Sheep Industry in Ari...
Politics
1. August, Jack L., Jr. Vision in the Desert: Carl Hayden and Hydropolitics in the American Southwest, (Texas Christian University Press, 1999) 2. Berman, David R. Politics, Labor, and the War on Big Business: The Path of Reform in Arizona, 1890–1920(Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2012) 330 pp 3. Berman, David R. George Hunt: Arizona's Crusading Seven-Term Governor(University of Arizona Press, 2015) 251 pp. 4. Goldberg, Robert Alan. Barry Goldwater(1995) 5. Johnson, James W. Arizona P...
Distribution of Vietnamese in the United States according to the 2000 United States census. Vietnamese has more than 1.5 million speakers in the United States, where it is the sixth-most spoken language. The United States also ranks second among countries and territories with the most Vietnamese speakers, behind Vietnam.
This part of Wikipedia is in the Vietnamese language. For the English-language Wikipedia website, see en.wikipedia.org. For a list of Wikipedia websites in other languages, see Wikipedia:Phiên bản ngôn ngữ.
Arizona is a landlocked state situated in the southwestern region of the United States of America. It has a vast and diverse geography famous for its deep canyons, high- and low-elevation deserts, numerous natural rock formations, and volcanic mountain ranges.
The State of Arizona is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. The capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is noted for its desert climate, exceptionally hot summers and mild winters. In contrast, the northern high country features pine forests and mountain ranges.
