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- Whole authored book. Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin Books. Parenthetical citations: (Jackson, 2019; Sapolsky, 2017; Svendsen & Løber, 2020)
- Whole edited book. Kesharwani, P. (Ed.). (2020). Nanotechnology based approaches for tuberculosis treatment. Academic Press. Parenthetical citations: (Hygum & Pedersen, 2010; Kesharwani, 2020; Torino et al., 2019)
- Republished book, with editor. Parenthetical citation: (Watson & Rayner, 1920/2013) Narrative citation: Watson and Rayner (1920/2013) The book by Watson and Rayner was originally published in 1920.
- Book published with new foreword by another author. Kübler-Ross, E. (with Byock, I.). (2014). On death & dying: What the dying have to teach doctors, nurses, clergy & their own families (50th anniversary ed.).
- Apa In-Text Citations
- Apa References
- Formatting The Apa Reference Page
- Free Lecture Slides
The basics
In-text citations are brief references in the running text that direct readers to the reference entry at the end of the paper. You include them every time you quote or paraphrase someone else’s ideas or words to avoid plagiarism. An APA in-text citation consists of the author’s last name and the year of publication (also known as the author-date system). If you’re citing a specific part of a source, you should also include a locator such as a page number or timestamp. For example: (Smith, 202...
Parenthetical vs. narrative citation
The in-text citation can take two forms: parenthetical and narrative. Both types are generated automatically when citing a source with Scribbr’s APA Citation Generator. 1. Parenthetical citation: According to new research … (Smith, 2020). 2. Narrative citation: Smith (2020)notes that …
Multiple authors and corporate authors
The in-text citation changes slightly when a source has multiple authors or an organization as an author. Pay attention to punctuation and the use of the ampersand (&) symbol.
The basics
APA references generally include information about the author, publication date, title, and source. Depending on the type of source, you may have to include extra information that helps your reader locate the source.
Reference examples
Citing a source starts with choosing the correct reference format. Use Scribbr’s Citation Example Generator to learn more about the format for the most common source types. Pay close attention to punctuation, capitalization, and italicization. Generate APA citations for free
Missing information
It is not uncommon for certain information to be unknown or missing, especially with sources found online. In these cases, the reference is slightly adjusted.
The basics
On the reference page, you list all the sources that you’ve cited throughout your paper. Place the page right after the main body and before any appendices. On the first line of the page, write the section label “References” (in bold and centered). On the second line, start listing your references in alphabetical order. Apply these formatting guidelines to the APA reference page: 1. Double spacing (within and between references) 2. Hanging indent of ½ inch 3. Legible font (e.g. Times New Roma...
Which sources to include
On the reference page, you only include sources that you have cited in the text (with an in-text citation). You should not include references to personal communicationsthat your reader can’t access (e.g. emails, phone conversations or private online material).
Are you a teacher or professor looking to introduce your students to APA Style? Download our free introductory lecture slides, available for Google Slides and Microsoft PowerPoint. Open Google SlidesDownload PowerPoint
- (Smith, 2020)
- (Smith et al., 2020)
- (Scribbr, 2020)
- (Smith & Jones, 2020)
Mar 27, 2024 · When there are no page numbers provided, the in-text citation must still indicate where the quote can be located. Any of the following approaches is acceptable. Do your best to choose the information that will best help readers find the quote:
Feb 6, 2024 · General. This section will cover the following examples: Book with One Author or Editor. Book with Two Authors or Editors. Book with Three to Five Authors or Editors. Article or Chapter in an Edited Book. Article in a Reference Book. Book with no Author. E-Book. Edition of a Book other than the First. A Translation. Government Publication.
APA 7 Style: Citing Books and Sections of Books. Whole Books. Book with single author. Book with two authors. Book with three to twenty authors. Book with more than 20 authors. E-Book. Book with editor. Book with translator. Book with organizational author. Reference book (Dictionary or Encyclopedia) Sections of Books. Chapter or Essay in a Book.
Jan 18, 2021 · This citation guide outlines the most important citation guidelines from the 7th edition APA Publication Manual (2020). Scribbr also offers free guides for the older APA 6th edition, MLA Style, and Chicago Style. Generate accurate APA citations with Scribbr
Feb 26, 2021 · An APA Style book citation lists the author’s last name and initials, the year of publication, the title and any subtitle (in italics, capitalizing only the first word), the edition (if specified), and the publisher. Add a DOI or URL to the end of the entry if available (e.g. for e-books or books accessed online ).
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related to: what are the apa citation guidelines for booksGet APA-style citations easily with a citation generator built by expert linguists. 94% of students say Grammarly Premium helped improve their grades.
