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1. Top results related to what are the function of dictionary in c compiler design in java example

   • in java, what is the function of plus operator and x in the system.out.print(x + "+" + x + "=")?

     Top Answer

     Answered Feb 17, 2017 · 0 votes

     The + sign in java is "overloaded", which means that it has multiple meanings. In an arithmetic context - when it's applied to numbers - it means "plus", as you would expect. However, in a String context - ie, when it's applied to two Strings - it means "concatenate", or "string together".

     For what follows, it is important to distinguish between numbers - the quantities which we perform arithmetic on and can represent in various ways - from the String representations of those numbers.

     In your second expression System.out.println(x+x);, the plus sign means addition, since both of the arguments (x and x) are integers. Thus x+x evaluates to the integer 24. Then, since we're printing this to the standard output, we have to understand it as a String, so Java converts the number 24 into the String "24", and that is what is printed.

     In your first expression x + "+" + x + "=" all of the terms are understood as Strings, because Java does not know how to add an integer to a String, so it assumes you mean the String representation ("12") of the number (12). Therefore the plus operator is understood to mean "string these together", and so it does: it evaluates the two instances of x and gets 12, turns the integer 12 into the String "12", and composes the String "12+12=", which is then printed. (The final "24" we have already addressed above)

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   • What are the names of the different Bracing/Indenting styles in C/PHP/Java etc?

     Top Answer

     Answered Jun 18, 2009 · 4 votes

     Please see Indent style:

     In computer programming, an indent style is a convention governing the indentation of blocks of code to convey the program's structure. This article largely addresses the C programming language and its descendants, but can be (and frequently is) applied to most other programming languages (especially those in the curly bracket family). Indent style is just one aspect of programming style.

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   • In Java, what are the boolean "order of operations"?

     Top Answer

     Answered Feb 15, 2010 · 76 votes

     The Java Tutorials has a list illustrating operator precedence. The equality operators will be evaluated first, then &&, then ||. Parentheses will be evaluated before anything else, so adding them can change the order. This is usually pretty much the same from language to language, but it's always a good idea to double check.

     It's the small variations in behavior that you're not expecting that can cause you to spend an entire day debugging, so it's a good idea to put the parentheses in place so you're sure what the order of evaluation will be.

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   • In Java, what are the advantages of streams over loops?

     Top Answer

     Answered May 25, 2017 · 393 votes

     Interesting that the interview question asks about the advantages, without asking about disadvantages, for there are are both.

     Streams are a more declarative style. Or a more expressive style. It may be considered better to declare your intent in code, than to describe how it's done:

     return people .filter( p -> p.age() < 19) .collect(toList());

     ... says quite clearly that you're filtering matching elements from a list, whereas:

     List<Person> filtered = new ArrayList<>(); for(Person p : people) { if(p.age() < 19) { filtered.add(p); } } return filtered;

     Says "I'm doing a loop". The purpose of the loop is buried deeper in the logic.

     Streams are often terser. The same example shows this. Terser isn't always better, but if you can be terse and expressive at the same time, so much the better.

     Streams have a strong affinity with functions. Java 8 introduces lambdas and functional interfaces, which opens a whole toybox of powerful techniques. Streams provide the most convenient and natural way to apply functions to sequences of objects.

     Streams encourage less mutability. This is sort of related to the functional programming aspect -- the kind of programs you write using streams tend to be the kind of programs where you don't modify objects.

     Streams encourage looser coupling. Your stream-handling code doesn't need to know the source of the stream, or its eventual terminating method.

     Streams can succinctly express quite sophisticated behaviour. For example:

     stream.filter(myfilter).findFirst();-

     Might look at first glance as if it filters the whole stream, then returns the first element. But in fact findFirst() drives the whole operation, so it efficiently stops after finding one item.

     Streams provide scope for future efficiency gains. Some people have benchmarked and found that single-threaded streams from in-memory Lists or arrays can be slower than the equivalent loop. This is plausible because there are more objects and overheads in play.

     But streams scale. As well as Java's built-in support for parallel stream operations, there are a few libraries for distributed map-reduce using Streams as the API, because the model fits.

     Disadvantages?

     Performance: A for loop through an array is extremely lightweight both in terms of heap and CPU usage. If raw speed and memory thriftiness is a priority, using a stream is worse.

     Familiarity.The world is full of experienced procedural programmers, from many language backgrounds, for whom loops are familiar and streams are novel. In some environments, you want to write code that's familiar to that kind of person.

     Cognitive overhead. Because of its declarative nature, and increased abstraction from what's happening underneath, you may need to build a new mental model of how code relates to execution. Actually you only need to do this when things go wrong, or if you need to deeply analyse performance or subtle bugs. When it "just works", it just works.

     Debuggers are improving, but even now, when you're stepping through stream code in a debugger, it can be harder work than the equivalent loop, because a simple loop is very close to the variables and code locations that a traditional debugger works with.

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   • In Java, what are the semantics of an array as an object?

     Top Answer

     Answered May 23, 2017 · 1 votes

     Extract from Bozho answer to a similar question Why isn't there a java.lang.Array class? If a java array is an Object, shouldn't it extend Object?

     Arrays are a language feature - they have a specific syntax for declaring and accessing. And their class definition is hidden from you.

     They have a representation in the refleciton API - java.lang.reflect.Array

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2. www.geeksforgeeks.org › implementation-on-map-orImplementation on Map or Dictionary Data Structure in C

   www.geeksforgeeks.org › implementation-on-map-or

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   Mar 27, 2023 · Last Updated : 27 Mar, 2023. C programming language does not provide any direct implementation of Map or Dictionary Data structure. However, it doesn’t mean we cannot implement one. In C, a simple way to implement a map is to use arrays and store the key-value pairs as elements of the array .

3. stackoverflow.com › questions › 4384359data structures - Quick Way to Implement Dictionary in C ...

   stackoverflow.com › questions › 4384359

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   1. here is a quick implement, i used it to get a 'Matrix' (sruct) from a string. you can have a bigger array and change its values on the run also: typedef struct { int** lines; int isDefined; }mat; mat matA, matB, matC, matD, matE, matF; /* an auxilary struct to be used in a dictionary */.

   Code sample

   struct nlist {

     struct nlist *next;

     char *name;

     char *defn;

   };...

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4. People also ask

   What is a decaf compiler?

   • The concepts of compiler design are applied to a case study which is an implementation of a subset of Java which I call Decaf. Chapters 2, 4, 5, and 6 include a section devoted to explaining how the relevant part of the Decaf compiler is designed. This public domain software is presented in full in the v appendices and is available on the Internet.

   Compiler Design: Theory, Tools, and Examples - Rowan University

   rdw.rowan.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=oer

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   What is compiler design?

   • It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Educational Resources by an authorized administrator of Rowan Digital Works. Compiler design is a subject which many believe to be fundamental and vital to computer science. It is a subject which has been studied intensively since the early 1950’s and continues to be an important research field today.

   Compiler Design: Theory, Tools, and Examples - Rowan University

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   What is a compiler-compiler?

   • Software which generates a compiler automatically from specifications of a programming language is called a compiler-compiler. We will study a popular compiler-compiler called SableCC in section 5.3.

   Compiler Design: Theory, Tools, and Examples - Rowan University

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   What is the difference between a compiler and an object program?

   • The output program is known as the object program, and its language is the object language. A compiler translates source language programs into equivalent object language programs. Some examples of compilers are:

   Compiler Design: Theory, Tools, and Examples - Rowan University

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5. www.geeksforgeeks.org › what-is-lex-in-compiler-designWhat is LEX in Compiler Design? - GeeksforGeeks

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   Sep 8, 2023 · Lex is a tool or a computer program that generates Lexical Analyzers (converts the stream of characters into tokens). The Lex tool itself is a compiler. The Lex compiler takes the input and transforms that input into input patterns. It is commonly used with YACC(Yet Another Compiler Compiler). It was written by Mike Lesk and Eric Schmidt.

6. www.cs.usfca.edu › ~galles › compilerdesignModern Compiler Design - University of San Francisco

   www.cs.usfca.edu › ~galles › compilerdesign

   in the body of yywrap instead of in the main program, without changing the output of the program. Also, since the regular expressions: . . { printf("%s",yytext); } { printf("%s", yytext); } just implement the default action, we could remove them without affecting the output of our program.

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7. rdw.rowan.edu › cgi › viewcontentCompiler Design: Theory, Tools, and Examples - Rowan University

   rdw.rowan.edu › cgi › viewcontent

   The concepts of compiler design are applied to a case study which is an implementation of a subset of Java which I call Decaf. Chapters 2, 4, 5, and 6 include a section devoted to explaining how the relevant part of the Decaf compiler is designed. This public domain software is presented in full in the v

   • Author: Seth D. Bergmann

   • Publish Year: 1994

8. www.geeksforgeeks.org › function-interface-in-javaFunction Interface in Java with Examples - GeeksforGeeks

   www.geeksforgeeks.org › function-interface-in-java

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   Mar 6, 2023 · Function Interface in Java with Examples. Last Updated : 06 Mar, 2023. The Function Interface is a part of the java.util.function package which has been introduced since Java 8, to implement functional programming in Java. It represents a function which takes in one argument and produces a result.

9. stackoverflow.com › questions › 5963266Call c function from Java - Stack Overflow

   stackoverflow.com › questions › 5963266

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   May 11, 2011 · 10 Answers. Sorted by: 88. Have a look at Java Native Interface: Getting Started. 2.1 Overview. [...] write a simple Java application that calls a C function to print "Hello World!". The process consists of the following steps: Create a class (HelloWorld.java) that declares the native method.