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- Valdemar later broke with Otto, defeated a Welf coalition (1214), and supported Otto’s rival, the future emperor Frederick II, who yielded to Valdemar the Wendish (Slavic) lands and the German territory north of the Elbe and Elde rivers.
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Apr 12, 2024 · After his victory at Reval (Tallinn), Valdemar ruled over all of Estonia, and the country was divided into two bishoprics, Reval and Dorpat (Tartu). Conflicts with his allies led to a reapportionment of the Estonian dominions (1222), after which he retained only Reval and northern Estonia.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
6th WHG - Greek Civilization. What military tactic did Philip II use to defeat the Greek city-states? He used the navy to fight battles at sea.
The Livonian Crusade was dominated from the outset by German crusading orders such as the Livonian Knights, the Sword Brothers and the Teutonic Knights, but the Danish king Valdemar II (r. 1202–41) saw an opportunity for territorial expansion and in 1218 he won full papal blessing for an invasion of Estonia.
- Who Wanted What in The Crusades?
- The Byzantine Empire
- The Pope
- Merchants
- European Knights
- Citizens
- Conclusion
Why the Crusades happened at all is a complex question with multiple answers. As the historian J. Riley-Smith notes: An estimated 90,000 men, women, and children of all classes were persuaded by political and religious leaders to participate in the First Crusade(1095-1102 CE), and their various motivations, along with those of the political and rel...
The Byzantine Empire had long been in control of Jerusalem and other sites holy to Christians but, in the latter decades of the 11th century CE, they lost them dramatically to the Seljuks, a Turkish tribe of the steppe. The Seljuks, already having made several raids into Byzantine territory, shockingly defeated a Byzantine army at the Battle of Man...
Pope Urban II (r. 1088-1099 CE) received Alexios' appeal in 1095 CE, but it was not the first time the Byzantine emperor had asked and got papal help. In 1091 CE the pope had sent troops to help the Byzantines against the Pecheneg steppe nomads who were invading the northern Danube area of the empire. Urban II was again disposed to assistance four ...
Merchants, although not so involved in the First Crusade, certainly became more involved from 1200 CE as they wanted to open up trade routes with the East, even to control such prosperous trade centres as Antioch and Jerusalem. Further, merchants could make a handsome profit from ferrying crusaders across the Mediterranean. Indeed, from the Second ...
By the 11th century CE society in medieval Europe had become increasingly militarised. Central governments simply did not have the means to govern on the ground across every part of their territories. Those who did govern in practice at local level were large landowners, the barons who had castles and a force of knights to defend them. Knights, eve...
Besides knights, the idea of a crusade had to appeal to ordinary foot soldiers, archers, squires, and all the non-combatants needed to support the cavalry units of knights when on campaign. That the ideal did appeal to ordinary folk, including women, is illustrated by such events as the people's army led by the preacher Peter the Hermit which gathe...
As the historian C. Tyerman points out in his God's War, in many ways 1095 CE was the 1914 CE of the Middle Ages - a perfect storm of moral outrage, personal gain, institutionalised political and religious propaganda, peer pressure, societal expectations, and a thirst for adventure, which all combined to inspire people to leave their homes and emba...
- Mark Cartwright
Mexico's participation in World War II had its first antecedent in the diplomatic efforts made by the government before the League of Nations as a result of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War.
This ruling overturned a centuries-long principle known as terra nullius that had denied Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people their land rights. The case was brought by Eddie Mabo, an Indigenous man from Murray Island in Queensland.
Apr 10, 2024 · With powerful engines, extensive firepower and heavy armor, the newly christened battleship USS South Dakota steamed out of Philadelphia in August of 1942, spoiling for a fight.
