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So, even though you can definitely spot certain later countries or regions when you look at Middle Francia on a map, it was in effect not very long lived and split up between the other two kingdoms with the same heritage.
Jan 13, 2024 · In 870, Middle Francia was partitioned again, with most of its territory being divided among West and East Francia, which would hence form the nuclei of the future Kingdom of France and the Holy Roman Empire respectively, with West Francia (France) eventually retaining the choronym.
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Origins of Francia
The first time that Francia is named is in the Panegyrici Latini in the early third century. At the time it described the area north and east of the Rhine, roughly in the triangle between Utrecht, Bielefeld, and Bonn. It corresponded with the joint lands of Frankish tribes of the Sicambri, Salians, Bructeri, Ampsivarii, Chamavi and Chattuarii. Some of these peoples like the Sicambri and Salians already had lands in the Roman Empire and delivered troops to Roman forces at the border. In 357 th...
Merovingian rise and decline, 481–687
Chlodio's successors are obscure figures, but what can be certain is that Childeric I, possibly his grandson, ruled a Salian kingdom from Tournai as a foederatus of the Romans. Childeric is chiefly important to history for bequeathing the Franks his son Clovis, who began an effort to extend his authority over the other Frankish tribes and to expand their territorium south and west into Gaul. Clovis converted to Roman Catholicism and put himself on good terms with the powerful Church and with...
Dominance of the mayors of the palace, 687–751
In 673, Chlothar III died and some Neustria and Burgundian magnates invited Childeric to become king of the whole realm, but he soon upset some Neustrian magnates and he was assassinated (675). The reign of Theuderic III was to prove the end of the Merovingian dynasty's power. Thoroughly Neustrian in outlook, he allied with his mayor Berthar and made war on the Austrasian who had installed Dagobert II, Sigebert III's son, in their kingdom (briefly in opposition to Clovis III). In 687 he was d...
Law
The different Frankish tribes, such as the Salii, Ripuarii, and Chamavi, had different legal traditions, which were only lately codified, largely under Charlemagne. The Leges Salica, Ribuaria, and Chamavorum were Carolingian creations, their basis in earlier Frankish reality being difficult for scholars to discern at the present distance. Under Charlemagne codifications were also made of the Saxon law and the Frisian law. It was also under Frankish hegemony that the other Germanic societies e...
Taxation
Everyone was taxed at a set rate, although peasants often bartered in order to "pay in kind" (a cow, pig, or grain) what they owed. Over time, the concept of the rights of ordinary citizens to exercise some say in how their taxes were spent evolved, as did the concept of "citizen" rather than subject itself, since peasants as well as aristocratspaid taxes. Peasants and their lords might not have seen themselves as equal but the notion did develop that all people were nonetheless equally entit...
Currency
Byzantine coinage was in use in Francia before Theudebert I began minting his own money at the start of his reign. The solidus and triens were minted in Francia between 534 and 679. The denarius (or denier) appeared later, in the name of Childeric II and various non-royals around 673–675. A Carolingian denarius replaced the Merovingian one, and the Frisian penning, in Gaul from 755 to the eleventh century. The denarius subsequently appeared in Italy issued in the name of Carolingian monarchs...
The ultimate legacy of the Frankish Empire is the modern nation state of France and also the world-wide community of French speaking people around the globe. What was a loose confederacy of kingdoms and of petty states evolved, over the years, into a single entity, whose borders after centuries of competing for territory with others became those of...
Bachrach, Bernard S. 1971. Merovingian Military Organization, 481–751. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0816606218.Collins, Roger. 1991. Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000. London, UK: MacMillan. ISBN 9780312060374.Fouracre, Paul. 2000. "The Origins of the Nobility in Francia." Nobles and Nobility in Medieval Europe: Concepts, Origins, Transformations, ed. Anne J. Duggan. Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell Press. IS...Geary, Patrick J. 1988. Before France and Germany: the Creation and Transformation of the Merovingian World. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195044584.Southern Lotharingia, which was not immediately conquered by either Francia, became the medieval Kingdom of Italy, before eventually being conquered and divided by the Holy Roman Empire, consisting primarily of the East Francian powerbase.
Nov 13, 2018 · These wars were finally concluded by the Treaty of Verdun of 843 CE which divided the empire between Louis I's sons. Louis the German (r. 843-876 CE) received East Francia, Lothair (r. 843-855 CE) took Middle Francia, and Charles the Bald would rule West Francia.
- Joshua J. Mark
Most of the lands north of the Alps, comprising the Low Countries, the western Rhineland, the lands today on the border between France and Germany, and what is now western Switzerland, passed to Lothair II and named Lotharingia, after its ruler.
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What happened to Middle Francia in 870?
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Why did France become a country after 987?
When was East Francia crowned?
Middle Francia was a short-lived Frankish kingdom which was created in 843 by the Treaty of Verdun after an intermittent civil war between the grandsons of Charlemagne resulted in division of the united empire. Middle Francia was allocated to emperor Lothair I, the eldest son and successor of emperor Louis the Pious.
