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The more people and functions a tow/ city has the higher in the hierarchy it will be. There are many of the settlements in the lower hierarchy and only few large settlements in the higher ranks. CENTRAL PLACE: An urban settlement that provides goods and services to the surrounding rural population. THRESHOLD POPULATION:
Settlement hierarchy. This refers to the arrangement of settlements in an ‘order of importance’, usually from many isolated dwellings or hamlets at the base of the hierarchy to one major city, (usually the capital) at the top. The order of importance is usually based on one of the following: the area and population of the settlement (size)
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What is a settlement hierarchy?
What factors affect a settlement hierarchy?
How do you explain a 'hierarchy'?
What is a permanent settlement?
- What is a settlement?
- Settlement site and situation
- Settlement functions
- Settlement hierarchies
- Land use in MEDC’s
- The Hoyt model
- The inner city
- The suburbs
- The urban rural fringe
- Land use in LEDC’s
- Land use in Sao Paulo, Brazil
- The CBD and high-class sector
- Shanty towns
- Improving shanty towns
- Approaches to improvement
- Problems of urbanisation in the CBD – traffic congestion
- Reducing congestion in cities
- Problems of urbanisation in the inner city – inequalities
- Problems of urbanisation in the urban rural fringe – housing demand
settlement is a place where people live. A settlement may be as small as a single house in a remote area or as a large as a mega city (a city with over 10 million residents). settlement may be permanent or temporary. However, a temporary settlement may become permanent over time. This has happened to many refugee camps that have been built in confl...
The piece of land upon which a settlement is built is the settlement site. There are many reasons why a site might be chosen for the development of a settlement and some factors will be more important than others. How many features can you spot in the map of Southampton below? Some common site factors include: Wet point sites – these have good wate...
Most large settlements in MEDCs are multifunctional and perform a range of functions such as retail, education and industry. When settlements first started to grow, most had only one distinct function, and others developed as the settlement grew. Examples of functions: Port – the original function of cities such as Liverpool and Southampton. Both a...
If we group and classify a number of settlements according to their size and shape the result is settlement hierarchy Pyramid showing relationship between population and services As you move up the hierarchy, the size of the settlement and the distance between similar sized settlements increases. As you can see from the diagram below, there are mor...
The Burgess and Hoyt model The Burgess Model (Concentric Ring Model) is based on the idea that land values are highest in the centre of a town or city. This is because competition is high in the central parts of the settlement. This leads to high-rise, high-density buildings being found near the Central Business District, with low-density, sparse d...
Central business district The land in urban areas is used for many different purposes: Leisure and recreation may include open land, e.g. parks or built facilities such as sports centres Residential - the building of houses and flats. Transport - road and rail networks, stations and airports. Business and commerce - the building of offices, s...
Terraced houses The inner city is also known as the 'twilight zone'. It is typically found next to the CBD and has mainly terraced houses in a grid like pattern. These were originally built to house factory workers who worked in the inner city factories. Many of these factories have now closed down. Unemployment and other socio-economic problems ha...
Semi-detached Suburban houses are usually larger than inner city terraces and most have a garden. Typically, they are detached or semi detached and the roads around them are arranged in cul-de-sacs and wide avenues. Land prices are generally cheaper than in the CBD and inner city, although the desirability of housing can make some areas expensive. ...
Allotments in Ripon, North Yorkshire This is found at the edge of a town or city and is where town meets country. It is common for this area to have a mixture of land uses such as some housing, golf courses, allotments, business parks and airports. The mixture of land use often causes conflict as different groups have different need and interests. ...
LEDCs have similar land-use needs to MEDCs, but the pattern of land use in urban areas is different. Although every LEDC city has its own characteristics, models can be used to illustrate a 'typical' LEDC city. Model of LEDC city Both MEDC and LEDC cities have a CBD - often the oldest part of the city. In LEDCs the poorest housing is found on the e...
The below pictures show two very different areas of Sao Paulo in Brazil - the CBD and an outerlying shanty town. Sao Paulo - the city centre
The CBD in an LEDC looks very similar to a CBD in an MEDC. However, there is likely to be a more dramatic difference between the height of the buildings in the CBD and the height of the buildings in other zones. The CBD contains facilities such as department stores, hotels, offices, schools, theatres and cinemas. High-class housing can be found aro...
The fact that cities in LEDCs are growing rapidly means that conditions can be poor. There are often great inequalities within LEDC urban areas and they are even more pronounced in LEDCs. Some of the worst conditions are found in the shanty towns on the edge of the city, near the CBD or along main transport routes. They tend to be unplanned and are...
Soweto township in Johannesburg, South Africa Over time the conditions in shanty towns may improve. In many LEDCs, local communities, charities and government departments are working together to improve conditions in squatter settlements. Improving conditions in a squatter settlements can lead to improvements in the residents' quality of life.
Urbanisation can cause problems such as transport congestion, lack of sufficient housing, over-rapid growth and environmental degradation. Many cities display particularly sharp inequalities in housing provision, health and employment. Some people try to escape these problems by moving away from the city - a process called counter-urbanisation. Lon...
As more people move to the edge of towns and cities, traffic congestion may get worse. Many people will drive their cars into the city centre to get to work. It is compounded by people being brought into city on large roads or motorways. These roads then link up with smaller, older, narrower roads in the city centre. This causes a bottleneck and co...
Park and Ride scheme operating in Plymouth Pedestrian shopping streets, Liverpool Permit holder parking in Westminster The introduction of Park and Ride schemes. People park in car parks on the edge of a settlement and catch regular buses into the centre. Pedestrianised areas are designated as pedestrian only zones. Permit holder parking - certain ...
Inequalities exist in all urban areas. Inequality means extreme differences between poverty and wealth, as well as in people's well-being and access to things like jobs, housing, and education. Inequalities may occur in Housing provision Access to services Access to open land Safety and security Often people who live in inner-city areas experience ...
'For Sale' signs outside a house As a result of increased urbanisation, Cities are spreading outwards. The demand for high quality, new, affordable homes in urban areas. As a result, land values are very high and land is in short supply: Some developers are building on sites that have been built on before in the UK's inner cities. These are called...
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hierarchy of settlements and services. Introduce the concept of ‘a hierarchy’ by talking about the structure within a school – to convey the idea of putting things in order of importance. Learners define ‘hierarchy’ and draw a diagram to show a simple settlement hierarchy. (I)
A settlement hierarchy is a way of arranging settlements into a hierarchy based upon their size. The term is used by landscape historians and in the National Curriculum [1] for England. The term is also used in the planning system for the UK and for some other countries such as Ireland, India, and Switzerland.
Lesson 1: Introduction to where we live. To know where people live around the world and where the world’s fastest growing cities are. To be able to describe distribution on maps. Using Goolge Timelapse of the world. Examine how parts of the world have developed.
Settlement hierarchy. A hierarchy is when settlements are ordered and classified based on three principles: Population size. Number of services provided. Number of settlements. Move up the hierarchy, and fewer settlements are found. However, the population, number and types of services provided do increase. The hierarchy follows a path:
