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According to legend, on 12 March 1345, the miracle of Amsterdam occurred and Amsterdam became an important pilgrimage town. The town grew considerably thanks to the pilgrims. A Roman Catholic procession ( Stille Omgang) occurs every year to celebrate the miracle. Two great fires swept through the city in 1421 and 1452.
When did Amsterdam become the capital of the Netherlands? Amsterdam became the capital of the Netherlands in the 19th century, in 1814 to be exact. After French rule and the fall of Napoleon in 1813, the Netherlands once again became an independent kingdom.
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Jews from Spain, Portugal and Eastern Europe similarly settled in Amsterdam, as did Germans and Scandinavians. In thirty years, Amsterdam's population more than doubled between 1585 and 1610. By 1600, its population was around 50,000. During the 1660s, Amsterdam's population reached 200,000.
The Netherlands broke away of the Spanish empire during the Eighty Years' War and ended the supremacy of the Catholic Church. Amsterdam was on the Spanish side for a long time in this conflict, but finally, in 1578, connection to the rest of the Netherlands was sought. During this time, Holland was one of the most tolerant regions in Europe.
Spain’s dependency and the discovery of the New World contributed to the city becoming the most important port in the world after Lisbon. Amsterdam became specialized in the grain and arms trade, and after the King of Portugal opened a local office in the city, it developed into the base for the resale of spices from India. Eighty Years’ War
In 1940, Amsterdam was occupied by German forces. By 1944, the situation in the city was desperate. Fuel stocks were low, food was short and any public services had long since stopped. Many of the city's residents died from lack of food or the cold. In May 1945, the city was liberated by Canadian troops.
Amsterdam has been known as the ‘City of Diamonds’ for over 400 years. But the story of how Amsterdam became the diamond capital of the world begins in Southern Europe, more than 600 years ago. The Moorish Empire was in power; Jewish people were no longer welcome in Portugal and most parts of Spain.
