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- In what has become known as the Princes' Crusade, members of the high nobility and their followers embarked in late-summer 1096 and arrived at Constantinople between November and April the following year.
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Dec 6, 2021 · Constantinople at first had much in common with the temporary capitals of the 2nd and 3rd century CE and the tetrarchic capitals. It was an existing city of medium size, well located on the road network...
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The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the Middle Ages. The objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic rule.
- 15 August 1096-12 August 1099 [A]
- Crusader victory
- The Levant and Anatolia
- An Impregnable Fortress
- The Ottoman Empire
- The Defenders
- The Attackers
- A Fight For Survival
- Destruction
- Aftermath
Constantinople had withstood many sieges and attacks over the centuries, notably by the Arabs between 674 and 678 CE and again between 717 and 718 CE. The great Bulgar Khans Krum (r. 802-814 CE) and Symeon (r. 893-927 CE) both attempted to attack the Byzantine capital, as did the Rus (descendants of Vikings based around Kiev) in 860 CE, 941 CE, and...
The Ottoman Empire had begun as a small Turkish emirate founded by Osman in Eskishehir (western Asia Minor) in the late 13th century CE, but by the early 14th century CE, it had already expanded into Thrace. With their capital at Adrianople, further captures included Thessaloniki and Serbia. In 1396 CE, at Nikopolis on the Danube, an Ottoman army d...
The crushing of the Crusader army at Varna in 1444 CE meant that the Byzantines were now on their own. No significant help could be expected from the West where the Popes were already unimpressed with the Byzantine's unwillingness to form a union of the Church and accept their supremacy. The Venetians did send a paltry two ships and 800 men in Apri...
Mehmed II had one thing that previous besiegers of Constantinople had lacked: cannons. And they were big ones. The Byzantines had actually had first option on the cannons as they had been offered them by their inventor, the Hungarian engineer named Urban, but Constantine could not meet his asking price. Urban then peddled his expertise to the Sulta...
The onslaught went on for six weeks but there was some effective resistance. The Ottoman attack on the boom which blocked the city's harbour was repelled, as were several direct assaults on the Land Walls. On 20 April, miraculously, three Genoese ships sent by the Pope and a ship carrying vital grain sent by Alphonso of Aragon managed to break thro...
Chaos now ensued with some of the defenders maintaining their discipline and meeting the enemy while others rushed back to their homes to defend their own families. It is at this point that Constantine was killed in the action, most likely near the Gate of St. Romanos, although, as he had discarded any indications of his status to avoid his body be...
Constantinople was made the new Ottoman capital, the massive Golden Gate of the Theodosian Walls was made part of the castle treasury of Mehmed, while the Christian community was permitted to survive, guided by the bishop Gennadeios II. What was left of the old Byzantine empire was absorbed into Ottoman territory following the conquest of Mistra in...
- Mark Cartwright
The new balance of resources and power between Rome and Constantinople was made crystal clear when an expedition launched by an emperor living in Constantinople, Justinian, captured the old capital in 536, turning it into a provincial city on the fringes of an eastern empire.
On July 25, 1261, after 57 years of Latin occupation, Michael VIII Palaeologus, a Nicaean emperor (1259–61) and later Byzantine emperor (1261–82), captured Constantinople and restored the Byzantine Empire to the Greeks.
The end of the period is variously defined - depending on the context, events such as the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire in 1453, Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1492, or the Protestant Reformation in 1517 are sometimes used.
Jun 5, 2020 · Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city of the Middle Ages and one of the few remnants of the once all-encompassing Roman Empire. It ruled the Golden Horn, a natural estuary connected to the Bosphorus Strait in modern Turkey, where it thrived on trade.
