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The history of Poland spans over a thousand years, from medieval tribes, Christianization and monarchy; through Poland's Golden Age, expansionism and becoming one of the largest European powers; to its collapse and partitions, two world wars, communism, and the restoration of democracy . The roots of Polish history can be traced to ancient ...
This is a list of Portuguese monarchs who ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of Portugal, in 1139, to the deposition of the Portuguese monarchy and creation of the Portuguese Republic with the 5 October 1910 revolution. Through the nearly 800 years in which Portugal was a monarchy, the kings held various other titles and pretensions.
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Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes or by kings. During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe.
Wawel Castle in Kraków was the residence of the Polish kings from 1038 until 1598. The next attempt to restore the monarchy and unify the Polish kingdom would occur in 1296, when Przemysł II was crowned as the King of Poland in Gniezno. The coronation did not require papal consent as the title of king was already instituted in 1025.
This is a list of Portuguese monarchs who ruled from the start of the Kingdom of Portugal, in 1139, to the start of the Portuguese Republic with the 5 October 1910 revolution. During the 800 years, the kings had different titles and pretensions. Two kings of Portugal, Ferdinand I and Afonso V, is also the Crown of Castile.
2 Jagiellonian Poland, 1386–1572; 3 The Commonwealth of the Two Nations, 1572–1795; Part II Poland, after 1795; Chart I Polish Rulers: The Piast Dynasty; Chart II The Jagiellonian Dynasty: Kings of Poland and Grand Dukes of Lithuania; Chart III Elective Rulers of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (and Others)
There were six kings called Afonso and six called João. From 1581-1640 Portugal was ruled by neighboring Spain under three kings called Felipe (Philip). The dates in brackets are the life spans of each monarch. The names are in Portuguese. Afonso Henriques was Portugal's first king and ruled from 1139-1185 House of Burgundy (1139-1383)
