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  1. Jul 2, 2021 · The Rhineland in the 16th century, showing in orange the unified duchies and counties of Cleves, Julich, Berg, Mark and Ravensberg (plus Guelders in stripes) The counts of Cleves of the House of Wassenberg pass in a succession of Dietrichs. It is a very dominant name—one of them even had three sons all named Dietrich.

  2. 1488–1513. James V. 1513–42. Mary, Queen of Scots. 1542–67. James VI 4. 1567–1625. This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen. Scotland, now part of the United Kingdom, was ruled for hundreds of years by various monarchs.

    • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
  3. Adolf I, (son of Margaret, daughter of Dietrich VII, and Adolf II of Mark; count of Mark 1391–3) 1394–1448. Adolf II (son; Mark 1398; made duke of Cleves by emperor Sigismund1417) 1448–1481. John II (son) 1481–1521. John III, the Pious (son) 1521–1539. John IV, the Pacific (son; duke of Berg and Jülich 1511)

  4. The two were accepted as monarchs of Scotland after a period of deliberation by the Scottish Parliament and ruled together as William II and Mary II. An attempt to establish a Scottish colonial empire through the Darien Scheme , in rivalry to that of England, failed, leaving the Scottish nobles who financed the venture for their profit bankrupt.

  5. The duchy of J ü lich-Cleves was a shifting agglomeration of principalities on the Lower Rhine, a location that, despite its lack of large cities, gave it strategic significance as the gateway from the Low Countries to central and southern Germany. During the late Middle Ages the county of J ü lich was raised to the dignity of a duchy in 1356 ...

  6. Nov 26, 2022 · James ruled Scotland for almost 58 years, and for the most part, the reign was an extremely successful and prosperous rule. Unlike his mother, whose life had been filled with failed marriages, accusations of treason, and tensions between Scotland and England, James rather united both kingdoms (and Ireland) under the leadership of a single ruler ...

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  8. 5 days ago · Quick Reference. (1609–14). By 1521 the duchy of Cleves, on the Lower Rhine, had become a principality which included the duchies of Cleves, Jülich, and Berg, and the counties of Ravensberg and ... From: Jülich-Cleves succession, war of in The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance ». Subjects: History — Early Modern History (1500 to 1700)

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