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- Whatever its beginnings, it lasted an incredible 790 years and only met its end with Gian Gastone as final ruler in 1737, and Anna Maria Luisa de’ Medici Electress Palatine as final head of the family in 1743.
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The Medici ruled the Grand Duchy from its inception until 1737, with the death of Gian Gastone de' Medici. The grand duchy witnessed degrees of economic growth under the early grand dukes, but was bankrupt by the time of Cosimo III de' Medici (r. 1670–1723).
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- The founding of the Medici dynasty. The Medici family originated in the agricultural Mugello region of Tuscany. The name Medici means “doctors”. The dynasty began when Giovanni di Bicci de’ Medici (1360–1429) emigrated to Florence to found the Medici Bank in 1397, which would become Europe’s largest and most respected bank.
- The three branches of the Medici family. There were three branches of Medicis that successfully gained power – the line of Chiarissimo II, the line of Cosimo (known as Cosimo the Elder) and the descendants of his brother, who went on to rule as grand dukes.
- Cosimo the Elder and his descendants. During Cosimo’s reign, the Medicis gained fame and prestige first in Florence and then across Italy and Europe. Florence prospered.
- The Pazzi conspiracy. In 1478, the Pazzi and Salviati families attempted a plot to displace the Medicis with the approval of Pope Sixtus IV, who was an enemy of the Florentine family.
May 26, 2024 · In the annals of history, few families have left as indelible a mark as the House of Medici. This remarkable banking family rose from obscurity to become the unofficial rulers of Florence, dominating the city‘s political, economic, and cultural life for three centuries.
The 9 elected officials ruled for only 2 months and lived in Palazzo Vecchio (called Palazzo della Signoria at that time) away from their families and the public to avoid being "corrupted" by outside influences.
- Giovanni de Medici: First Power Broker. Giovanni de Bicci de’ Medici was the first Medici of import. He initiated the Medici’s rise to power. Born in 1360, he essentially founded the Medici dynasty.
- Cosimo the Elder: Master Politician. Giovanni was the father of Cosimo the Elder. (He’s called the elder because a century later there’s another famous Cosimo.)
- Piero de Medici: the Gouty Medici. Cosimo’s successor was his eldest son Piero, who was given the sobriquet Piero the Gouty. Gout was then a rich man’s disease — a rather painful pseudo arthritic condition caused by excessively rich diets.
- Lorenzo the Magnificent: the First Renaissance Man. Perhaps the most powerful and influential Medici was Cosimo’s grandson, Lorenzo. Born in 1449, Lorenzo adopted the nickname “Il Magnifico,” or the Magnificent.
Aug 19, 2021 · Thanks to their power in the church – Medici popes ruled for almost 20 years – they succeeded in establishing themselves as dukes of their home city. The first duke's half-sister became the queen of France, one of two Medici women to hold that title. It was a stellar – if sometimes brutal – rise.
Jun 20, 2024 · Medici family, Italian bourgeois family that ruled Florence and, later, Tuscany during most of the period from 1434 to 1737, except for two brief intervals. It provided the Roman Catholic Church with four popes (Leo X, Clement VII, Pius IV, and Leon XI) and married into the royal families of Europe.
