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      • The areas stretching from Kolberg (Kołobrzeg) to Stettin (Szczecin) were ruled by Ratibor's brother Wartislaw I and his descendants (House of Pomerania, also called Griffins, of which he was the first ascertained ancestor) until the 1630s.
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  2. The Grand Dukedom of Pomerania and Livonia is based upon the ancient territories of a duchy in Pomerania on the southern borders of the Baltic Sea. It existed from the 12th century till mid 17th century and was ruled by dukes of the House of Pomerania (Griffins). In the 12th century, Poland, the Holy Roman Empire's Duchy of Saxony and Denmark ...

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      The Grand Duke will take advantage of his Imperial and Royal...

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  3. On June 12, 1348, German king and later emperor Karl IV granted the Duchy of Pomerania as a whole and the Rugian principality as a fief to the dukes of both Pomerania-Stettin and Pomerania-Wolgast, erasing Brandenburg's claims, which however was not accepted by Brandenburg until 1529.

  4. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › LivoniaLivonia - Wikipedia

    Livonia in 1820. Livonia [a] or in earlier records Livland, [1] is a historical region on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea. It is named after the Livonians, who lived on the shores of present-day Latvia . By the end of the 13th century, the name was extended to most of present-day Estonia and Latvia, which the Livonian Brothers of the Sword ...

  5. In 1202 the third bishop of Livonia, Albert von Buxhoevden, founded the Order of the Brothers of the Sword, with the pope’s permission, as a permanent military body in Livonia to protect the church’s conquests and to forcibly convert the native pagan tribes to Christianity.

    • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
  6. Historically, the Grand Dukedom of Pomerania and Livonia is based upon the ancient territories of a duchy in Pomerania on the southern borders of the Baltic Sea. It existed as a country for various periods from the 12th century until the mid 17th century, ruled by Dukes of the House of Pomerania, and it has a rich, often violent, but always ...

  7. Terra Mariana ( Medieval Latin for "Land of Mary ") was the formal name [1] for Medieval Livonia or Old Livonia. [b] [4] It was formed in the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade, and its territories were composed of present-day Estonia and Latvia. It was established on 2 February 1207, [5] as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire, [6] and lost ...

  8. Oct 13, 2018 · The seal of Albert Suerbeer, first Archbishop of Livonia. Unlike the Archbishop of Riga, the Teutonic Knights managed to extend their local domain during the later Middle Ages. After an extensive uprising in northern Estonia, the King of Denmark sold all his holdings there to the order in 1346.

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