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- The name "Vatican" is ancient and predates Christianity, coming from the Latin Mons Vaticanus, Vatican Hill.
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The Lateran Treaty, as mentioned earlier, granted the Vatican City sovereignty, ensuring its continued independence within Rome. The Vatican Today. Today, the Vatican City remains the spiritual and administrative center of the Roman Catholic Church.
- Vatican Hill in Ancient Rome
- Old St Peter’s Basilica
- The Vatican During The Middle Ages
- The Vatican During The Renaissance
- How The Vatican Gained Its Independence as A Sovereign City-State
What does Vatican mean?
From the founding of Rome (around 800 BCE) through to the end of the Roman Republic (around 44 BCE), the hill on the west bank of the Tiber River was known as Ager Vaticanus. During the Roman empire, the Romans referred to this area as Vaticanum, and this was where the rich and powerful built their villas and gardens. The emperor Caligula(third emperor of Rome, 37 – 41 CE) built a large circus there.
The Martyrdom of Saint Peter
In 64 CE there was a huge fire in Rome that destroyed more than 2/3 of the city. According to the historian Tacitus, Nero started the fire himself, so he could rebuild Rome in his image and construct his massive Golden House(Domus Aurea.) He then decided to persecute Christians as scapegoats. One of the people he is said to have had murdered is Saint Peter. Christian tradition holds that Saint Peter was crucified in Nero’s Circus, which was more or less where the Vaticanis today. Disclosure:...
Where is St Peter buried?
In Ancient Rome, it was illegal to bury anyone inside the city. This is why you find the catacombs outside what was once the city of Rome. The Vaticanum was outside the city, so people were buried there in what became known as the Vatican Necropolis. One of those buried here is said to be Saint Peter.
Emperor Constantine(306 – 337 CE) was the first Roman emperor to sanction Christianity as an official religion of the empire, and (supposedly) the first to convert to Christianity. He declared a church should be built on top of the resting place of the Apostle Peter. Construction of Constantine’s new basilica began around 319 – 322 CE, and took abo...
Once Constantine built his basilica, and pilgrims began coming to Rome, people started donating goods and lands to the Church, making it one of the largest landholders in Europe. This gave the Church and the papacy more and more legitimacy. The famed “Donation of Constantine”, which gave the Pope sovereignty over both the Eastern and Western empire...
In 1309 the Papal court moved to Avignon, France due to a disagreement that arose after French king Philip IV went behind everyone’s backs and elected a French pope, Clement V, in 1305. Pope Gregory XI moved the court back to Rome in 1376, but the long years of abandonment had taken a toll on Rome. Large parts of the city were in ruin and St. Peter...
The Papal States
The Papal States were territories under the direct jurisdiction of the pope until 1870, when a unified Italy claimed all land outside Vatican Walls. At their peak, the Papal States had over 3 million citizens and included the regions we know today as Lazio, parts of Umbria, le Marche, and Emilia Romagna.
Unification of Italy
In 1850, King Victor Emmanuel II (who commissioned the huge Vittoriano monument) began to consolidate all of Italy under one government. He would become the first king of a unified Italy. The largest state, and the last holdout to joining a unified Italy, was the Papal States. The king began annexing pieces of the Papal States, bit by bit, until all that was left was Rome. The domain of the Holy See had shrunk to the area inside the Vatican Walls. On September 20, 1870, the king’s army forcib...
The Lateran Pact
In 1927, prime minister Benito Mussolinientered into new negotiations with Pope Pius XI. By this time, it had become apparent that most Italians wanted peace between the two. Also, most Italians were Roman Catholic, so it made sense to find a way to rule in harmony. On February 11 1929, Italy and the Vatican signed the Lateran pact. The Holy See acknowledged the legitimacy of the Italian government and its right to the Papal States.
Mar 13, 2023 · A more correct term is city-state. The entire city of Vatican City encompasses the state itself, so it’s a state made up of one large city. Vatican City is not a democracy and is not a member of the United Nations. It is not a member of the EU although the official currency is the Euro.
Vatican City, officially State of the Vatican City (Latin: Status Civitatis Vaticanae ), is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome. At approximately 108.7 acres, it is the smallest independent nation in the world.
- Christianity under Roman Empire. Vatican City lies just beyond the right bank of the river Tiber in Rome, on a slight rise, part of the ancient Vatican Hill, on which several villas were built in pre-Christian times.
- Christian Rome. In 380, Emperor Theodosius adopted Christianity as the official religion of the Roman empire. Thereafter, Christianity spread far a wide in the empire through the missionaries, and during the early Middle Ages, most of Europe was Christianized.
- Unification of Italy. The “Risorgimento”, the Italian for Resurgence or revival, was the 19 century political, intellectual and social movement for the unification of Italy that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula from foreign rule, including the Papal States, into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy.
- Vatican City State. This standoff between a series of so-called "prisoner" popes and the Kingdom of Italy was resolved on February 11, 1929, by the Lateran Treaty between the Holy See and the Kingdom of Italy, which established the independence and sovereignty of Vatican City State and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy.
Oct 10, 2012 · Known as Vatican II, the council called thousands of bishops and other religious leaders to the Vatican, where they forged a new set of operating principles for the Roman Catholic...
Apr 1, 2016 · By Jackie Snow. April 01, 2016. • 3 min read. Rome, the Eternal City, is home to Vatican City, the 109-acre city-state run by the Catholic Church and the seat of Roman Catholicism. At St. Peter ...
