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The Constitution of Canada (French: Constitution du Canada) is the supreme law in Canada. It outlines Canada's system of government and the civil and human rights of those who are citizens of Canada and non-citizens in Canada.
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- Written Constitution. The written Constitution is Canada’s supreme law. It overrides any laws that are inconsistent with it. The Constitution of Canada includes the British North America Act, 1867; the Statute of Westminster, 1931 (to the extent that it applies to Canada); the Constitution Act, 1982; any amendments to these acts; and the acts and orders that brought new provinces and territories into the Canadian federation.
- Constitution Act, 1867. The British North America Act (now called the Constitution Act, 1867) merged three British colonies — the Province of Canada (present-day Ontario and Quebec), Nova Scotia and New Brunswick — into a new federation called Canada, with its capital in Ottawa.
- Parliament and the Legislatures. The federal Parliament is composed of the monarch and two houses: the Senate and the House of Commons. There are now 105 members of the Senate: 24 each for Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes (10 for Nova Scotia, 10 for New Brunswick, 4 for Prince Edward Island); 24 for the West (six each for British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba); six for Newfoundland and Labrador; and one each for Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.
- Other Constitutional Statutes. Also part of the written Constitution are the acts and orders that admit new provinces and territories. These include: the Manitoba Act, 1870; the Rupert’s Land and North-Western Territory Order (1870); the British Columbia Terms of Union (1871); the Prince Edward Island Terms of Union (1873); the Adjacent Territories Order (1880); the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889; the Alberta Act (1905); the Saskatchewan Act (1905); the Newfoundland Act (1949); and the Constitution Act, 1999 (Nunavut).
- Constitution Act, 1867. The British North America Act (BNA Act) created the Dominion of Canada. The Act was passed by the British Parliament. It came into effect on 1 July 1867.
- Parliament and the Legislatures. The federal Parliament is composed of the monarch, the Senate and the House of Commons. Senators are chosen by the prime minister.
- Other Constitutional Statutes. The Statute of Westminster, 1931 is a British law. It was passed on 11 December 1931. It made all the Commonwealth countries independent and equal with Britain.
- Constitution Act, 1982. The Constitution Act, 1982 allowed Canada to change its Constitution without the consent of Britain. This meant Canada had full independence.
- Fundamental Freedoms. Fundamental freedoms. 2 Everyone has the following fundamental freedoms: (a) freedom of conscience and religion; (b) freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression, including freedom of the press and other media of communication;
- Democratic Rights. Democratic rights of citizens. 3 Every citizen of Canada has the right to vote in an election of members of the House of Commons or of a legislative assembly and to be qualified for membership therein.
- Mobility Rights. Mobility of citizens. 6 (1) Every citizen of Canada has the right to enter, remain in and leave Canada. Rights to move and gain livelihood.
- Legal Rights. Life, liberty and security of person. 7 Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice.
Sections 17 to 19 of the Constitution Act, 1982 restate the language rights set out in section 133 in respect of Parliament and the courts established under the Constitution Act, 1867, and also guarantee those rights in respect of the legislature of New Brunswick and the courts of that province.
The Constitution of Canada. The constitution of Canada provides the rules that Canada’s government must follow — both in terms of how the government operates politically, as well as what it can and cannot do to its citizens. What is the Canadian Constitution?
1. General procedure for amending Constitution of Canada. l of Canada where so authorized byresolutions of the Senate and House of Commons; andresolutions of the legislative assemblies of at least two-thirds of the provinces that have, in the aggregate, according to the t. ti. n of all the provin.
