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Enmerkar, ancient Sumerian hero and king of Uruk (Erech), a city-state in southern Mesopotamia, who is thought to have lived at the end of the 4th or beginning of the 3rd millennium bc. Along with Lugalbanda and Gilgamesh, Enmerkar is one of the three most significant figures in the surviving Sumerian epics. Although scholars once assumed that ...
Fragment of a tablet with "Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta", 1900–1600 BC. Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta is a legendary Sumerian account, preserved in early post-Sumerian copies, composed in the Neo-Sumerian period (ca. 21st century BC ). It is one of a series of accounts describing the conflicts between Enmerkar, king of Unug-Kulaba, and ...
- Background
- The Matter of Aratta
- Conclusion
The Uruk Period, which saw the foundation and growth of cities throughout Mesopotamia, was followed by the Early Dynastic Period (2900-2334 BCE) during which Sumerian culture flourished. The city-states were then conquered by Sargon of Akkad (Sargon the Great, r. 2334-2279 BCE) and absorbed into his Akkadian Empire which fell to the Gutians in 2218...
Aratta is depicted in several Sumerian poems, pre-dating theMatter of Aratta, as a city of fabulous wealth which lay far beyond the boundaries of Sumer. Modern-day scholars tend to place it somewhere in ancient Elam, past Susa (in modern Iran). In the poems of the Matter of Aratta, it can only be reached by traversing over seven mountains and is a ...
Lugalbanda is best known today as the father of the hero Gilgamesh and husband of the goddess Ninsun from The Epic of Gilgamesh. In that story, Gilgamesh begins as a proud and haughty king who must learn humility through the loss of his friend Enkidu, but, in these tales, Lugalbanda is depicted from the beginning as a devout servant of the gods who...
- Joshua J. Mark
After three challenges in the form of aenigmae posed by Aratta, Enmerkar invents written language and, by extension, its use to establish the concept of trade (III.Q.3.497–506). At the conclusion, there is an explosion of prosperity in Aratta, although the Lord of Aratta is at first baffled by the new technology of writing.
- Shawn Ramsey
O lord of Aratta, after you have examined the clay tablet, after you have learned the content of the message, say whatever you will say to me, and I shall announce that message in the shrine E-ana as glad tidings to the scion of him with the glistening beard, whom his stalwart cow gave birth to in the mountains of the shining me, who was reared ...
May 21, 2024 · The legend of Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta highlights the prevalent belief in divine intervention and the role of deities in influencing human affairs. Enmerkar's reliance on Enki's support and his use of the threat of Ishkur's wrath underscore the Mesopotamian perception of the gods as active participants in human events.
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Dec 10, 2020 · Finally, this essay will introduce this obscure but highly relevant source of rhetorical thinking from Mesopotamia and their culturally transmitted theories in a neglected primary source, Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta. This brief epic shares similar philosophical ground with ancient Greco-Roman rhetoric, and addresses rhetoric’s fundamental ...
