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Espagne franquiste et franquisme (en espagnol : franquismo) sont des noms non officiels utilisés pour désigner le régime politique de l'Espagne fondé par le général Francisco Franco, de 1936/1939 (guerre civile) à 1977 (premières élections libres durant le processus de transition démocratique).
- Madrid
- Catholicisme
- Espagnol
La loi d'amnistie espagnole de 1977 [1] est une loi adoptée par le Parlement espagnol et ayant reçu la sanction royale le 15 octobre 1977, deux ans après la mort du Général Francisco Franco [2].
Espagne franquiste et franquisme sont des noms non officiels utilisés pour désigner le régime politique de l'Espagne fondé par le général Francisco Franco, de 1936/1939 à 1977. Le franquisme s'appuie sur une idéologie conservatrice et nationale-catholique, qui s'incarne dans des institutions autoritaires.
- Establishment
- Government
- Armed Forces
- Colonial Empire and Decolonisation
- Francoism
- Narrative of The Civil War
- Media
- Economic Policy
- Legacy
- Flags and Heraldry
On 1 October 1936, Franco was formally recognised as Caudillo of Spain—the Spanish equivalent of the Italian Duce and the German Führer—by the Junta de Defensa Nacional (National Defense Junta), which governed the territories occupied by the Nationalists. In April 1937, Franco assumed control of the Falange Española de las JONS, then led by Manuel ...
After Franco's victory in 1939, the Falange was declared the sole legally sanctioned political party in Spain and it asserted itself as the main component of the National Movement. In a state of emergency-like status, Franco ruled with, on paper, more power than any Spanish leader before or since. He was not even required to consult his cabinet for...
During the first year of peace, Franco dramatically reduced the size of the Spanish Army—from almost one million at the end of the Civil War to 250,000 in early 1940, with most soldiers two-year conscripts. Concerns about the international situation, Spain's possible entry into World War II, and threats of invasion led him to undo some of these red...
Spain attempted to retain control of the last remnants of its colonial empire throughout Franco's rule. During the Algerian War (1954–1962), Madrid became the base of the Organisation armée secrète right-wing French Army group which sought to preserve French Algeria. Despite this, Franco was forced to make some concessions. When the French protecto...
Initially the regime embraced the definition of "totalitarian state" or the "nacional-sindicalista" label. Following the defeat of Fascism in much of Europe in WW2, "organic democracy"[es] was the new moniker the regime adopted for itself, yet it only sounded credible to staunch believers. Other later soft definitions include "authoritarian regime"...
For nearly twenty years after the war, Francoist Spain presented the conflict as a crusade against Bolshevism in defence of Christian civilization. In Francoist narrative, authoritarianism had defeated anarchy and overseen the elimination of "agitators", those "without God" and the "Judeo-Masonic conspiracy". Since Franco had relied on thousands of...
Under the 1938 Press Law, all newspapers were put under prior censorshipand were forced to include any articles the government desired. Chief editors were nominated by the government and all journalists were required to be registered. All liberal, republican and left-wing media were prohibited. The Delegación Nacional de Prensa y Propaganda was est...
The Civil War had ravaged the Spanish economy. Infrastructure had been damaged, workers killed and daily business severely hampered. For more than a decade after Franco's victory, the economy improved little. Franco initially pursued a policy of autarky, cutting off almost all international trade. The policy had devastating effects and the economy ...
In Spain and abroad, the legacy of Franco remains controversial. In Germany, a squadron named after Werner Mölders has been renamed because as a pilot he led the escorting units in the bombing of Guernica. As recently as 2006, the BBC reported that Maciej Giertych, an MEP of the right-wing League of Polish Families, had expressed admiration for Fra...
Flags
At the conclusion of the Spanish Civil War and in spite of the army's reorganisation, several sections of the army continued with their bi-colour flags improvised in 1936, but since 1940 new ensigns began to be distributed, whose main innovation was the addition of the eagle of Saint John to the shield. The new arms were allegedly inspired in the coat of arms the Catholic Monarchs adopted after the taking of Emirate of Granada from the Moors, but replacing the arms of Sicily with those of Nav...
Standards
From 1940 to 1975, Franco used the Royal Bend of Castile as Head of State's standard and guidon: the Bend between the Pillars of Hercules, crowned with an imperial crown and open royal crown. As Prince of Spainfrom 1969 to 1975, Juan Carlos used a royal standard which was virtually identical to the one later adopted when he became King in 1975. The earlier standard differed only that it featured the royal crown of a Crown Prince, the King's royal crown has 8 arches of which 5 are visible, whi...
Coat of arms
In 1938, Franco adopted a variant of the coat of arms reinstating some elements originally used by the House of Trastámara such as Saint John's eagleand the yoke and arrows as follows: "Quarterly, 1 and 4. quarterly Castile and León, 2 and 3. per pale Aragon and Navarra, enté en point of Granada. The arms are crowned with an open royal crown, placed on eagle displayed sable, surrounded with the pillars of Hercules, the yoke and the bundle of arrows of the Catholic Monarchs". 1. State Coat of...
Le franquisme est un mouvement politique qui a gouverné l'Espagne de 1939 à 1975. Il a été fondé par le général Francisco Franco à la suite de la guerre civile espagnole qui a ravagé le pays de 1936 à 1939.
Nov 20, 2015 · Franquisme : l'Espagne face à son passé. Le 20 novembre 1975 mourrait à Madrid le général "caudillo" Francisco Franco, au terme d'une agonie internationalement médiatisée. Il avait accédé au pouvoir près de quarante ans plus tôt à la faveur d'une très sanglante guerre civile.
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Jan 19, 1999 · L'Espagne apparaît comme le prototype des nations européennes longtemps vouées à une sorte de fatalité autoritaire, et le régime franquiste comme le symbole de l'autoritarisme moderne en Europe.
