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Hindustani is the lingua franca of northern India and Pakistan, and through its two standardized registers, Hindi and Urdu, a co-official language of India and co-official and national language of Pakistan respectively. Phonological differences between the two standards are minimal.
Hindi at a glance. Native name: हिन्दी (Hindī) Language family: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central Zone, Western Hindi, Hindustani, Khariboli. Number of speakers: 615 million. Spoken in: India, Nepal, South Africa and Singapore. First written: 4th century AD. Writing system: Devanāgarī script (देवनागरी), Brahmi script.
Hindi is considered a Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language, which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and neighbouring areas. It is an official language in nine states and three union territories and an additional official language in three other states.
Hindustani is a Central Indo-Aryan language based on Khari Boli (Khaṛi Boli). Its origin, development, and function reflect the dynamics of the sociolinguistic contact situation from which it emerged as a colloquial speech. It is inextricably linked with the emergence and standardisation of Urdu and Hindi.
Hindi distinguishes unaspirated ‘ka’ and ‘ta’ from aspirated ‘kha’ and ‘tha’. Second contrast is between dental and retroflex consonants, for example, ta and da from t. and d.
May 23, 2024 · Hindustani was initially used to facilitate interaction between the speakers of Khari Boli (a regional dialect that developed out of Shauraseni Apabhramsha and is now considered a variety of Hindi) and the speakers of Persian, Arabic, and Turkic languages who migrated to North India after the establishment of Muslim hegemony in the early 13th ce...
5 days ago · Braj Bhasha, which was an important literary medium from the 15th to the 19th century, is often treated as a dialect of Hindi, as are Awadhi, Bagheli, Bhojpuri, Bundeli, Chhattisgarhi, Garhwali, Haryanawi, Kanauji, Kumayuni, Magahi, and Marwari.
