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Jan 23, 2020 · On January 15, Virginia became the latest state to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), a proposed amendment to the Constitution that guarantees equal rights for women. The measure emerged as a top legislative priority after Democrats took control of both houses of the Virginia General Assembly for the first time in two decades, leading to ...
In the wake of the war, the Congress submitted, and the states ratified the Thirteenth Amendment (making slavery illegal), the Fourteenth Amendment (defining and granting broad rights of national citizenship), and the Fifteenth Amendment (forbidding racial discrimination in elections).
- All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.
- Representatives shall be apportioned among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed.
- No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any state, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof.
- The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned.
Jul 27, 2022 · Ratified on July 9, 1868, just a few years after the Emancipation Proclamation ended slavery in the United States, the Fourteenth Amendment was a step toward ensuring that everyone in America could enjoy the same protections and rights under the law. However, continued efforts to right the nation's past wrongs pose complex legal questions.
- Attorney at Law
- Section 1 Rights. Due Process Generally. Citizenship. Historical Background on Citizenship Clause. Citizenship Clause Doctrine. Loss of Citizenship. Privileges or Immunities.
- Section 2 Apportionment of Representation. Overview of Apportionment of Representation.
- Section 3 Disqualification from Holding Office. Overview of Disqualification Clause.
- Section 4 Public Debt. Overview of Public Debt Clause.
The equal protection clause of the U.S. Constitution's 14th Amendment was first applied to sex discrimination only in 1971, and it has never been interpreted to grant equal rights on the basis of sex in the uniform and inclusive way that the ERA would. The ERA would provide a clearer judicial standard for deciding cases of sex discrimination.
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Feb 13, 2022 · Section 1: Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex. Section 2: The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by ...
