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- Intolerance of uncertainty is a transdiagnostic process that envisages future events as threatening and undesirable, with which the individual has little or no ability to cope. This makes such individuals more vulnerable to worry and negative emotions, as well as to developing various disorders.
Jan 3, 2022 · Intolerance of uncertainty (IoU) is important in the development and maintenance of worry and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; Dugas et al., 1997). However, it remains unclear why some people respond so negatively to uncertainty and have poor clinical outcomes.
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- Article Summary
- Threat Appraisal and Anxiety
- The Conundrum of Gad
- What Is Intolerance of Uncertainty?
- Clinical Highlights
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Intolerance of uncertainty is an important transdiagnostic risk factor for a wide range of difficulties including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), depression...Recent developments in the way that intolerance of uncertainty is conceptualized have led to a novel way to work with it – with the potential for therapists to improve the effectiveness of their tr...This article explains the new model and proposed treatment approach, focusing exclusively on behavioral experiments targeting beliefs about uncertainty.We outline how this new approach could be integrated into your practice, as a potential method to improve the effectiveness of current GAD treatments.Within cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) a fundamental way of understanding anxiety focuses on ‘threat appraisals’. Beck and colleagues proposed that “anxiety is an uncontrollable affective response dependent upon the interpretation of a situation and the appraisal of a possible threat of negative events”. Salkovskis gives a more straightforward t...
Individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) present a challenge to a simple threat appraisal model. People with GAD report significant worry which they find difficult to control and experience as distressing. Other common symptoms include restlessness, physical arousal, difficulty concentrating, muscle tension, and poor sleep. Early psychol...
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is defined as “a negative dispositional characteristic arising from a set of catastrophic beliefs about uncertainty and its consequences” (; adapted from ). Carleton describes intolerance of uncertainty more simply as representing “an underlying fear of the unknown”. In plain language, what this means is that intoler...
CBT treatments for GAD are effective, but a significant proportion of patients fail to achieve remission.Intolerance of uncertainty remains highest in those who improve the least.A new cognitive behavioral model of intolerance of uncertainty proposes that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is associated with catastrophic beliefs about uncertaintyUnhelpful beliefs about uncertainty often fall into two general categories: beliefs that uncertainty has negative implications for oneself and one’s behavior; and beliefs that uncertainty is unfair...Beck, A. T. Emery. G., & Greenberg, R. L. (1985). Anxiety disorders and phobias: a cognitive perspective. Basic Books. Salkovskis, P. (1996). The cognitive approach to anxiety: threat beliefs, safety-seeking behaviour, and the special case of health anxiety and obsessions In Frontiers of Cognitive Therapy(ed. P. Salkovskis), pp. 48–50. London, UK: ...
Learn how intolerance of uncertainty (IU), a transdiagnostic risk factor for anxiety and depression, can be conceptualized and treated with behavioral experiments. This article explains the new model and proposed treatment approach, focusing on IU as a dimensional structure with two factors.
Nov 1, 2016 · The Intolerance of Uncertainty Model (IUM) of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) attributes a key role to Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU), and additional roles to Positive Beliefs about Worry (PBW), Negative Problem Orientation (NPO), and Cognitive Avoidance (CA), in the development and maintenance of worry, the core feature of GAD.
- Gioia Bottesi, Marta Ghisi, Eleonora Carraro, Nicola Barclay, Nicola Barclay, Rebecca Payne, Mark H....
- 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01723
- 2016
- Front Psychol. 2016; 7: 1723.
Psychologists label these reactions as ‘intolerance of uncertainty’ (IU). The Intolerance Of Uncertainty information handout describes IU in the context of worry, and outlines some of the unhelpful strategies that people high in IU tend to use to control how they feel.
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a characteristic predominantly associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD); however, emerging evidence indicates that IU may be a shared element of emotional disorders.
- James F. Boswell, Johanna Thompson-Hollands, Todd J. Farchione, David H. Barlow
- 2013
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a transdiagnostic cognitive vulnerability factor that contributes to the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders. Cognitive behavior models suggest that individuals with elevated IU hold underlying negative core beliefs about uncertainty, have biased information processing in the context of ambiguity ...
Nov 22, 2020 · The highly related concept—intolerance of uncertainty (IU)—emerged in the early 1990s, which is further developed into a transdiagnostic risk factor in multiple forms of anxiety disorders.
