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    • Stages of Group Development. Stage of Group Development. Characteristics. Forming. The group members come together and share information.
    • Classifying Group Tasks. Task division. Divisible: A task in which the work can be divided up among individuals. Unitary: A task in which the work cannot be divided up among individuals.
    • Determinants of Social Loafing. Group size. As groups get bigger, people feel more dispensable─their contribution does not seem as important and they withhold effort.
    • Decision Schemes. Decision scheme. Definition. Likely occurrences. Truth wins. Group solves the problem if any single member finds the correct answer.
  1. Jan 10, 2013 · Theoretical advances in social cognition, and more recently, social identity processes have been fruitfully integrated into the leadership literature. The take-home message of leadership as a group process helps to counterbalance the leader-centred approach that has dominated leadership research.

    • Geoff Thomas, Robin Martin, Ronald E. Riggio
    • 2013
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  3. Leadership is a process, a complex and dynamic exchange relationship built over time between leader and follower and between leader and the group of followers who depend on each other to attain a mutually desired goal. 10 There are several key components to this “working relationship”: the leader, the followers, the context (situation), the ...

    • Formal Leadership and Followers
    • Mere Members Need Not Be Followers
    • Position-Holders Need Not Be Followers
    • Formal Leadership and Organizations

    I shall develop this argument at some length, since I recognize that it goes against the deeply etched grain of much of the leadership literature. Let me first state the case in its most general form. If you are the formal leader, any uncontextualized instance of your cultivating followers within your organization—for example, “Spend an hour mentor...

    Consider, now, mere members, whose membership may be based entirely upon gaining the benefits offered by the organization. Why must we judge them to be followers of the leader? That is to say, why must we require that they are necessarily influenced in a relevant respect by the leader? Many of us would deny that we are, or ought to be, followers of...

    What about the members who are also position-holders? This would seem superficially to be different. The leader and the other position-holders are, or should be, working in tandem towards the same organizational goal, with the leader, well, leading the way. But there are vast numbers of position-holders who would be puzzled, if not insulted, if tol...

    If formal leaders are not leading followers, then what are they leading? They are, as I have noted, leading organizations. Antonakis explicitly includes institutions as one of his disjunctive options.Footnote 36 Yukl may be opening the door to the same option when he allows for both “individual and collective efforts,” especially since he repeatedl...

  4. a person designated or elected to facilitate the group process informal emergent leaders members who help lead the group to achieve different leadership functions

  5. Jul 17, 2020 · Northouse, in an excellent textbook of leadership, defines leadership as ‘a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal’ (Northouse, 2019: 6). This, he contrasts with ‘coercion’, which ‘involves the use of threats and punishment to induce change in followers for the sake of the leaders ...

  6. The process is a complex, interactive, and dynamic working relationship between leader and followers. This working relationship, built over time, is directed toward fulfilling the groups maintenance and task needs. Part of the process consists of an exchange relationship between the leader and follower.