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Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (German: Gauß [kaʁl ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈɡaʊs] ⓘ; Latin: Carolus Fridericus Gauss; 30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician, astronomer, geodesist, and physicist who contributed to many fields in mathematics and science. He ranks among history's most influential mathematicians and has been ...
Apr 30, 2024 · Johann Friedrich Carl Gauss. Born: April 30, 1777, Brunswick [Germany] Died: February 23, 1855, Göttingen, Hanover (aged 77) Awards And Honors: Copley Medal (1838) Inventions: heliotrope. magnetometer. Notable Works: “Disquisitiones Arithmeticae” Top Questions. Why is Carl Friedrich Gauss famous? What was Carl Friedrich Gauss’s childhood like?
- Why is Carl Friedrich Gauss famous?Gauss is generally regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of all time for his contributions to number theory, geometry, probability theory,...
- What was Carl Friedrich Gauss’s childhood like?Gauss was the only child of poor parents. He was a calculating prodigy with a gift for languages. His teachers and his devoted mother recommended h...
- What awards did Carl Friedrich Gauss win?Gauss won the Copley Medal, the most prestigious scientific award in the United Kingdom, given annually by the Royal Society of London, in 1838 “fo...
- How was Carl Friedrich Gauss influential?Gauss wrote the first systematic textbook on algebraic number theory and rediscovered the asteroid Ceres. He published works on number theory, the...
Learn about the life and achievements of Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss, one of the most influential mathematicians in history. Discover his early genius, his contributions to number theory, algebra, analysis, and more.
Summary. Carl Friedrich Gauss worked in a wide variety of fields in both mathematics and physics incuding number theory, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, magnetism, astronomy and optics. His work has had an immense influence in many areas. View eleven larger pictures.
- Mathematical Discoveries
- Middle Years
- Astronomical Researches
- Surveying
- Non-Euclidean Geometry
- Later Years, Death, and Afterwards
- Other Notable Contributions and Associations
- Family
- Personality
- Commemorations
While in college, Gauss independently rediscovered several important theorems; his breakthrough occurred in 1796 when he was able to show that a 17-sided polygon can be constructed by compass and straightedge. This was a major discovery in an important field of mathematics; construction problems had occupied mathematicians since the days of the Anc...
In his 1799 dissertation, A New Proof That Every Rational Integer Function of One Variable Can Be Resolved into Real Factors of the First or Second Degree, Gauss gave a proof of the fundamental theorem of algebra. This important theorem states that every polynomial over the complex numbers must have at least one root. Other mathematicians had tried...
In that same year, Italianastronomer Giuseppe Piazzi discovered the planetoid Ceres, but could only watch it for a few days before it disappeared in the glare of the sun. Gauss, who was 23 at the time, heard about the problem and tackled it head-on. After three months of intense work, he predicted a position for Ceres in December 1801—just about a ...
Gauss had been asked in the late 1810s to carry out a geodetic survey of the state of Hanover to link up with the existing Danishgrid. Gauss was pleased to accept and took personal charge of the survey, making measurements during the day and reducing them at night, using his extraordinary mental capacity for calculations. He regularly wrote to Schu...
Gauss also claimed to have discovered the possibility of non-Euclidean geometries but never published it. This discovery was a major paradigm shift in mathematics, as it freed mathematicians from the mistaken belief that Euclid's axioms were the only way to make geometry consistent and non-contradictory. Research on these geometries led to, among o...
In 1831 Gauss developed a fruitful collaboration with the physics professor Wilhelm Weber; it led to new knowledge in the field of magnetism (including finding a representation for the unit of magnetism in terms of mass, length and time) and the discovery of Kirchhoff's circuit laws in electricity. Gauss and Weber constructed the first electromagne...
Telegraph
In 1834, Gauss, with the help of Weber, set up a telegraph line between two stations within the campus of their magnetic observatory in Gottingen, and were able to send and receive messages. This represents one of the earliest systems of electronic telegraphy. The Gauss/Weber system was capable of sending about 8 words a minute. In 1836, a plan was developed for a telegraphic link between Leipzig and Dresden based on the Gauss/Weber device. The plan was scrapped when the railroad sponsoring t...
Gauss's law
Gauss's Law is a simple way to describe the relationship between force fields or other phenomena that follow the inverse square law. Gravitation, magnetism and static electricity obey this law. It can only be expressed in the complex language of infinitesimal calculus. When applied to heat transfer, it is equivalent to saying that the net flow of heat out of a closed surface such as a sphere or cylinder is proportional to the rate at which heat is supplied by the sources in the volume contain...
Gaussian distribution
Also referred to as standard distribution, the gaussian distribution is applied to random errors of measurement, and is sometimes referred to as a bell curvebecause of its shape when represented graphically. It is used to determine the most likely value of a parameter from a number of measurements that follow a statistical pattern of error. Gauss used it to process data on astronomical positions.
Gauss was married twice. He married his first wife, Johanna Osthoff, in 1805. Johanna died in 1809, and Louis died soon afterward. Gauss plunged into a depression from which he never fully recovered. He married again, to a friend of his first wife named Friederica Wilhelmine Waldeck (Minna), but this second marriage does not seem to have been very ...
Gauss was an ardent perfectionist and a hard worker. He was never a prolific writer, refusing to publish works which he did not consider complete and above criticism. This was in keeping with his personal motto pauca sed matura(few, but ripe). A study of his personal diaries reveals that he had in fact discovered several important mathematical conc...
The cgs unit for magnetic induction was named gauss in his honor. From 1989 until the end of 2001, his portrait and a normal distribution curve were featured on the German ten-mark banknote. Germany has issued three stamps honoring Gauss, as well. A stamp (no. 725), was issued in 1955 on the hundredth anniversary of his death; two other stamps, no....
Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss was a German mathematician, astronomer, geodesist, and physicist who contributed to many fields in mathematics and science. He ranks among history's most influential mathematicians and has been referred to as the "Prince of Mathematicians".
Carl Friedrich Gauss, orig. Johann Friedrich Carl Gauss, (born April 30, 1777, Brunswick, Duchy of Brunswick—died Feb. 23, 1855, Göttingen, Hanover), German mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. Born to poor parents, he was a prodigy of astounding depth.
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