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A second language (L2) is a language spoken in addition to one's first language (L1). A second language may be a neighbouring language, another language of the speaker's home country, or a foreign language. A speaker's dominant language, which is the language a speaker uses most or is most comfortable with, is not necessarily the speaker's ...
Second-language acquisition ( SLA ), sometimes called second-language learning —otherwise referred to as L2 ( language 2) acquisition, is the process by which people learn a second language. Second-language acquisition is also the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process.
The World Factbook, produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), estimates the ten most spoken languages ( L1 + L2) in 2022 as follows: [46] See also. Lingua franca. Lists of languages. List of languages by number of native speakers. List of languages by the number of countries in which they are recognized as an official language.
LanguageFamilyBranchFirst-language (l1) SpeakersEnglish (excl. creole languages )380 millionMandarin Chinese (incl. Standard Chinese, ...939 millionHindi (excl. Urdu )345 millionSpanish (excl. creole languages )485 millionRichard Nordquist. Updated on January 06, 2020. A second language is any language that a person uses other than a first or native language. Contemporary linguists and educators commonly use the term L1 to refer to a first or native language, and the term L2 to refer to a second language or a foreign language that's being studied.
Sep 4, 2021 · that said, this wikipedia page places China as having just 0.9%, lower than any other listed country (and much lower than Taiwan's 30%), so I suspect there is an issue around mixed definitions. The oft-cited number of "learners" at 300 million would put them at around the same proportion as Taiwan, just behind Egypt & Iraq. en.wikipedia.org ...
This Element provides a synthesis of contemporary research on the interplay between language and cognition in speakers of two or more languages and examines variables deemed to impact bilingual acquisition and conceptualization of language-specific thinking patterns during L2 learning.
Forms of language use across international contexts shape the minds of second language (L2) speakers. In much of the research on L2 learning and bilingualism, there has been a focus on how individuals might achieve a high level of proficiency in each of the languages that they speak.
