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Template and non-template strands. In the transcription stage of protein synthesis, the section of the DNA molecule where the gene is located (the gene coding for a particular polypeptide) unwinds – the hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs break, causing the two DNA strands to ‘unzip’. Free activated RNA nucleotides then ...
Transcription overview. Transcription is the first step of gene expression. During this process, the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into RNA. Before transcription can take place, the DNA double helix must unwind near the gene that is getting transcribed. The region of opened-up DNA is called a transcription bubble.
- What is the benefit of the coding strand if it doesn't get transcribed and only the template strand ...Having 2 strands is essential in the DNA replication process, where both strands act as a template in creating a copy of the DNA and repairing dama...
- During DNA replication ,DNA ligase enzyme is used alongwith DNA polymerase enzyme so during transcri...*Great question*! Not during normal transcription, but in case RNA has to be modified, e.g. bacteriophage, there is T4 RNA ligase (Prokaryotic enzy...
- Why does RNA have the base uracil instead of thymine?To add to the above answer, uracil is also less stable than thymine. RNA molecules are constantly being taken apart and put together in a cell, and...
- i heard ATP is necessary for transcription. Which process does it go in and where? (initiation, elon...ATP is need at point where transcription facters get attached with promoter region of DNA , addition of nucleotides also need energy durring elonga...
- What about termination in eukaryotes?Termination in eukaryotes is much more complex and varies depending on the gene and organism. But generally, as mentioned in the article, a polyade...
- so there are many promoter regions in a DNA, which means how RNA Polymerase know which promoter to s...This is a good question, but far too complex to answer here. In fact, this is an area of active research and so a complete answer is still being wo...
- Concerning Rho-independent termination, why does the RNA fold back onto itself after reaching the C-...If you had, say, a paper clip, and you stretched it out so the wire was straight, and then hold it by one end and press it into a wall, what would...
- Do promoters and terminators get copied into the new transcript? Are they are part of the new RNA tr...Promoters and terminators do not get copied into the new transcript. The promoter is there to tell the RNA to "get ready" and signal the start of t...
- According to my notes from my biochemistry class, they say that the rho factor binds to the c-rich r...The article says that in Rho-independent termination, RNA polymerase stumbles upon rich C region which causes mRNA to fold on itself (to connect C...
DNA primase forms an RNA primer, and DNA polymerase extends the DNA strand from the RNA primer. DNA synthesis occurs only in the 5' to 3' direction. On the leading strand, DNA synthesis occurs continuously. On the lagging strand, DNA synthesis restarts many times as the helix unwinds, resulting in many short fragments called “Okazaki ...
- Is topoisomerase same as DNA gyrase ?DNA Gyrase is a topoisomerase. There are several kinds
- In the last section "DNA replication in Eukaryotes" it says that in eukaryote cells a little DNA at ...At the ends of DNA strands there is a section non-coding nucleotides that we call a telomere. The telomere is what gets shorter every time a cell d...
- How are the histone proteins taken care of during eukaryotic DNA replication?The DNA is first unwound at origins of replication and the displaced histone proteins move onto to other parts of the DNA that haven't been unwound...
- The part of the article that deals with the Okazaki-fragments states that: "DNA polymerase I and DNA...Yep, that was a typo! I've fixed it now and it should be corrected on the site shortly. Thanks for noticing!
- "Many DNA have proofreading activity" mentions : "In most cases, the correct nucleotide is indeed ad...The key word is the "usually." The reaction won't occur with a mis-paired base in most cases. However, about 1 in 10^5 base pairs will involve an i...
- Why are the DNA polymerases numbered here? (I/II/III) I though that Eu-k were named by alpha beta de...Prokaryotes have DNA polymerases I, II, III, eukaryotes have alpha, delta, epsilon and such.
- In the paragraph 'DNA polymerases' it says that polymerase II has a DNA repair function, but in 'Man...Great question! Yes, DNA polymerase II is involved in repair of damage that occurs outside the context of DNA replication, such as cross-links betw...
- 'A DNA molecule “unzips” as the hydrogen bonds between bases are broken, separating the two strands....Helicase enzyme. It binds at replication initiation site and moves along DNA, in front of polymerase III, opening replication fork.
- Genome refers to the haploid content of DNA in a cell, so how can it consist of 3 billion base PAIRS...Most DNA exists as a double-stranded DNA in a double helix — the strands are held together by base pairs and we usually think of this as a single m...
- What direction does DNA synthesis happen? 5' to 3' or opposite? Also, what direction is leading and ...I found this on Nature.com: “DNA is always synthesized in the 5'-to-3' direction, meaning that nucleotides are added only to the 3' end of the grow...
Replication relies on complementary base pairing, that is the principle explained by Chargaff's rules: adenine (A) always bonds with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) always bonds with guanine (G). The replication process. DNA replication occurs through the help of several enzymes.
It carries the information from DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm and then helps assemble the protein. In short: DNA → RNA → Protein. Discovering this sequence of events was a major milestone in molecular biology. It is called the central dogma of biology.
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This chart describes the steps and detailed mechanisms involved in oligonucleotide synthesis. Initially a reference tool for the Stanford Genome Technology Center Oligo Facility, the chart is now available for public use.
Dec 27, 2023 · DNA synthesis is the natural or artificial creation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules. The term DNA synthesis can refer to DNA replication (which will be covered in more detail in Chapter XX), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or gene synthesis (physically creating artificial gene sequences).
