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Family tree. The death of Edward, the in 1376 left his second son, Richard (1367-1400), heir to the throne of England (Richard's older brother Edward of Angoulême had died in 1371). In 1377, Richard succeeded to the throne, aged ten, on the death of his grandfather, . Richard, despite two marriages, to and , had no children, and was overthrown ...
This is the family tree for monarchs of England ... Queen of England: King Richard II 1367–1400 r. ... 1499–1500 Duke of Somerset:
The following is a simplified family tree of the English, Scottish, and British monarchs. ... Richard II 1367–1400 King of England r. 1377–1399: Henry IV 1367–1413
- Early Life
- Early Reign
- Later Reign
- Patronage and The Arts
- Downfall
- Character and Assessment
- See Also
- External Links
Richard of Bordeaux was the younger son of Edward, Prince of Wales, and Joan, Countess of Kent. Edward, eldest son of Edward III and heir apparent to the throne of England, had distinguished himself as a military commander in the early phases of the Hundred Years' War, particularly in the Battle of Poitiers in 1356. After further military adventure...
Peasants' Revolt
Whereas the poll tax of 1381 was the spark of the Peasants' Revolt, the root of the conflict lay in tensions between peasants and landowners precipitated by the economic and demographic consequences of the Black Death and subsequent outbreaks of the plague. The rebellion started in Kent and Essex in late May, and on 12 June, bands of peasants gathered at Blackheath near London under the leaders Wat Tyler, John Ball, and Jack Straw. John of Gaunt's Savoy Palace was burnt down. The Archbishop o...
Coming of age
It is only with the Peasants' Revolt that Richard starts to emerge clearly in the annals. One of his first significant acts after the rebellion was to marry Anne of Bohemia, daughter of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, on 20 January 1382. It had diplomatic significance; in the division of Europe caused by the Western Schism, Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire were seen as potential allies against France in the ongoing Hundred Years' War.[d] Nonetheless, the marriage was not popular in England....
First crisis of 1386–1388
The threat of a French invasion did not subside, but instead grew stronger into 1386. At the parliament of October that year, Michael de la Pole – in his capacity of chancellor – requested taxation of an unprecedented level for the defence of the realm. Rather than consenting, the parliament responded by refusing to consider any request until the chancellor was removed. The parliament (later known as the Wonderful Parliament) was presumably working with the support of Gloucester and Arundel....
A fragile peace
Richard gradually re-established royal authority in the months after the deliberations of the Merciless Parliament. The aggressive foreign policy of the Lords Appellant failed when their efforts to build a wide, anti-French coalition came to nothing, and the north of England fell victim to a Scottish incursion. Richard was now over twenty-one years old and could with confidence claim the right to govern in his own name. Furthermore, John of Gaunt returned to England in 1389 and settled his di...
Second crisis of 1397–1399
The period that historians refer to as the "tyranny" of Richard II began towards the end of the 1390s. The King had Gloucester, Arundel and Warwick arrested in July 1397. The timing of these arrests and Richard's motivation are not entirely clear. Although one chronicle suggested that a plot was being planned against the King, there is no evidence that this was the case.It is more likely that Richard had simply come to feel strong enough to safely retaliate against these three men for their r...
Court culture
In the last years of Richard's reign, and particularly in the months after the suppression of the appellants in 1397, the King enjoyed a virtual monopoly on power in the country, a relatively uncommon situation in medieval England. In this period a particular court culture was allowed to emerge, one that differed sharply from that of earlier times. A new form of address developed; where the King previously had been addressed simply as "highness", now "royal majesty", or "high majesty" were of...
As part of Richard's programme of asserting his authority, he also tried to cultivate the royal image. Unlike any other English king before him, he had himself portrayed in panel paintings of elevated majesty, of which two survive: an over life-size Westminster Abbey portrait (c. 1390), and the Wilton Diptych (1394–1399), a portable work probably i...
Deposition
In June 1399, Louis I, Duke of Orléans, gained control of the court of the insane Charles VI of France. The policy of rapprochement with the English crown did not suit Louis's political ambitions, and for this reason he found it opportune to allow Henry Bolingbroke to leave for England. With a small group of followers, Bolingbroke landed at Ravenspurn in Yorkshire towards the end of June 1399. Meeting with Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, who had his own misgivings about the King, Bol...
Death
Henry had agreed to let Richard live after his abdication. This changed when it was revealed that the earls of Huntingdon, Kent, and Salisbury, and Lord Despenser, and possibly also the Earl of Rutland – all now demoted from the ranks they had been given by Richard – were planning to murder the new king and restore Richard in the Epiphany Rising. Although averted, the plot highlighted the danger of allowing Richard to live. He is thought to have starved to death in captivity in Pontefract Cas...
Contemporary writers, even those less sympathetic to the King, agreed that Richard was a "most beautiful king", though with an unmanly "face which was white, rounded and feminine." He was athletic and tall; when his tomb was opened in 1871, he was found to be six feet (1.82 m) tall. He was also intelligent and well read, and when agitated he had a ...
Richard II at the official website of the British monarchy"Richard II's treasure". The Institute of Historical Research / Royal Holloway, University of London."Richard II's Irish chancery rolls" (online ed.). CIRCLE. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. listed by year, translatedMiri Rubin, Caroline Barron & Alastair Dunn (discussion with) (16 November 2006). The Peasants' Revolt(radio program). In Our Time. BBC Radio 4.Apr 6, 2022 · Early Years. King Richard II was born on 6th January 1367 to Edward, the Black Prince, eldest son of Edward III, and Joan of Kent at Woodstock Palace. He was known as Henry Bolingbroke after his place of birth. Richard was the couple’s second son, his brother Edward had been born in 1364. At the time of his birth, his father was heir to the ...
Isabella of France = Edward II (1307–27) Margaret of France (2) = EDWARD I = (1) Eleanor of Castile Edmund earl of Kent Edmund of = Isabella of Langley of Castile earl of (d. 1392) Cambridge, duke of York (d. 1402) Thomas of = Eleanor Woodstock Bohun earl of (d. 1399) Buckingham, duke of Gloucester (d. 1397) Thomas Holland = Alice 2nd earl of ...
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Apr 26, 2022 · About Richard II of England. "Richard II (6 January 1367 – c. 14 February 1400), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed on 30 September 1399. Richard, a son of Edward, the Black Prince, was born during the reign of his grandfather, Edward III. Richard was the younger brother of Edward of ...
