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Jul 16, 2022 · On the other hand, smoking is a social activity and one that is more prevalent and supported in more pro smoking social networks (Smith & Christakis, 2008). In a recent study, Blok et al. (2017) report that the smoking behavior in an individual's family and friend social network is a strong predictor of whether a smoker quits smoking and ...
- Healthy People 2020: Social Determinants of Cigarette Smoking ...
2.1. Study Design, Data and Sample. This study utilized the...
- Influence of Social Connections on Smoking Behavior across ...
Survey research indicates that social connections are key...
- Healthy People 2020: Social Determinants of Cigarette Smoking ...
Oct 15, 2020 · 2.1. Study Design, Data and Sample. This study utilized the secondary data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) across three waves to study the trend and prevalence of cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette smoking as well as social determinants of smoking among young adults in the past decade.
- Gang Wang, Liyun Wu
- 10.3390/ijerph17207503
- 2020
- 2020/10
Survey research indicates that social connections are key predictors of a person’s smoking behavior. Being in social networks with people who smoke increases a person’s risk of smoking ( Christakis & Fowler, 2008 ), and the emergence of new social relationships—such as getting married—impacts smoking decisions ( Freeh, 2014 ).
- Mieke Beth Thomeer, Elaine Hernandez, Debra Umberson, Patricia A. Thomas
- 10.1016/j.alcr.2019.100294
- 2019
- 2019/12
May 22, 2008 · Smoking Cessation in a Large Social Network over 32 Years 0m 15s. Roughly 44.5 million adults were smokers in the United States in 2004, 1 and smoking remains the leading preventable cause of ...
- Nicholas A. Christakis, James H. Fowler
- 2008
- Study Sample
- Ethical Considerations
- Smoking Susceptibility
- Socio-Demographic Factors
- Socio-Environmental Factors
- Smoking-Related Cognitions
- Psychosocial Characteristics and Personality Traits
- Statistical Analyses
Study participants were a cross-sectional sample from the first wave of data collection of the Mechanisms of Networks and Norms Influence on Smoking in Schools (MECHANISMS) study. The MECHANISMS study was a school-based study designed to further understanding of social norms based mechanisms of action related to smoking in high- and middle-income s...
All pupils were required to complete consent forms indicating whether they agree or decline to participate. A parental opt-out procedure was used whereby parents/guardians who did not wish their child to take part were asked to return completed opt-out forms. Pupils who consented to participate were asked to complete a baseline assessment. Ethical ...
Susceptibility to smoking was defined as the absence of a firm commitment not to smoke . Participants were classified as susceptible or not based on three items measuring intentions to smoke: 1. 1. Do you think you will try a cigarette soon? 2. 2. If one of your best friends were to offer you cigarette, would you smoke it? 3. 3. If you don’t curren...
Socio-demographic data collected in the baseline survey included gender, age, socioeconomic level based on country-specific measures, ethnicity and family structure. Student and school deprivation ranks were obtained for Northern Ireland from Northern Ireland and Statistics Research Agency data . Student and school socioeconomic level indexes for B...
Injunctive norms were assessed with seven subscales and descriptive norms were assessed with eight subscales . Exposure to advertising in the media was assessed with eight items . Exposure to tobacco advertising in shops was measured using four items . School smoking information was assessed with a single item asking, “Do you think your school has ...
Self-efficacy was assessed using three subscales: (i) emotional; (ii) friends; and (iii) opportunity (Cronbach’s α: 0.981) [51, 52]. PBC was assessed with two items that assessed PBC to quit and PBC to avoid smoking . Perceived risks and benefits of tobacco-use were assessed using two separate scales: perceived risks (13 items; α = 0.864); and perc...
Need to belong was measured using 10 items (α = 0.813) [54, 55]. Fear of negative evaluation was assessed with 12 items (α = 0.894) [55,56,57]. The Prosocial Behaviour score was derived from 5 items (α = 0.733) [55, 58]. We assessed personality traits by using the Big Five Personality Trait Short Questionnaire (BFPTSQ). Each dimension was measured...
The analysis used univariate and multivariate logistic regression modelling adjusted for clustering at country and school level to test the probability of a participant being either susceptible or not susceptible to smoking based on the variables outlined above. Three independent regressions were performed on: the whole sample (n = 1,573); the Nort...
- Christopher Tate
Lopez et al’s four-phase model of the smoking epidemic describes how social norms changed as smoking practices diffused and after knowledge of smoking’s harms increased.13 During the innovation and establishment phase, smoking’s social acceptance increased, followed by rapidly increasing prevalence as new population groups adopted smoking.7 13 Smoking prevalence peaked near the end of ...
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Oct 10, 2022 · We identified three outcomes with a 4-star association with smoking: COPD (72% increase in risk based on the BPRF, 0.54 ROS), lower respiratory tract infection (54%, 0.43) and pancreatic cancer ...
