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What is the relationship between religion and government?
What is a state religion?
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Buddhism. A state religion (also called official religion) is a religion or creed officially endorsed by a sovereign state. A state with an official religion (also known as confessional state ), while not a secular state, is not necessarily a theocracy. State religions are official or government-sanctioned establishments of a religion, but the ...
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Antiquity
State religions were known in ancient times in the empires of Egypt and Sumer and ancient Greece when every city state or people had its own god or gods. The religions had little ethical content and the main purpose of worship was to petition the gods to protect the city or the state and make it victorious over its enemies. There was often a powerful personality cult associated with the ruler. Sumerian kings came to be viewed as divine soon after their reigns, like Sargon the Great of Akkad....
China
In China, the Han Dynasty (206 B.C.E. – 220 C.E.) made Confucianism the de facto state religion, establishing tests based on Confucian texts as an entrance requirement to government service. The Han emperors appreciated the social order that is central to Confucianism. Confucianism would continue to be the state religion until the Sui Dynasty (581-618 C.E.), when it was replaced by Mahayana Buddhism. Neo-Confucianism returned as the de facto state religion sometime in the tenth century. Note...
The Roman Empire
The State religion of the Roman Empire was Roman polytheism, centralized around the emperor. With the title Pontifex Maximus,the emperor was honored as a 'god' either posthumously or during his reign. Failure to worship the emperor as a god was at times punishable by death, as the Roman government sought to link emperor worship with loyalty to the Empire. Many Christians were persecuted, tortured and killed because they refused to worship the emperor. In 313 C.E., Constantine I and Licinius,...
Despite a general consensus among political philosophers in favor of the religious neutrality of the liberal democratic state, nowhere in Europe is this principle fully realized. From Ireland to Russia, Norway to Malta, a bewildering array of patterns of church-state relations reflect different confessional traditions, contrasting histories and dis...
Christianity
The following states give some official recognition to some form of Christianity although the actual legal status varies considerably:
Islam
Countries where Islam is the official religion: Afghanistan, Algeria (Sunni), Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei, Comoros (Sunni), Egypt, Iran (Shi'a), Iraq, Jordan(Sunni), Kuwait, Libya, Malaysia (Sunni), Maldives, Mauritania (Sunni), Morocco, Oman, Pakistan (Sunni), Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia (Sunni), Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, and Russiawhere it one of four recognized religions.
Judaism
Israel and Russiawhere it is one of four recognized religions.
Berg, Thomas C. 2004. The State and Religion in a Nutshell. West Group Publishing. ISBN 978-0314148858Brown, L. Carl. 2001. Religion and State. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231120395Fox, Jonathan. 2008. A World Survey of Religion and the State. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521707589Hasson, Kevin Seamus. 2005. The Right to Be Wrong: Ending the Culture War Over Religion in America. Encounter Books. ISBN 1594030839All links retrieved January 3, 2020. 1. McConnell, Michael W. Establishment and Disestablishment at the Founding, Part I: Establishment of Religion William and Mary Law Review4(5) (2003): 2105, provided by Questia.com
Many states were as explicit about the need for a thriving religion as Congress was in its thanksgiving and fast day proclamations. The Massachusetts Constitution of 1780 declared, for example, that "the happiness of a people, and the good order and preservation of civil government, essentially depend on piety, religion and morality."
Summary. Separation of church and state has long been viewed as a cornerstone of American democracy. At the same time, the concept has remained highly controversial in the popular culture and law. Much of the debate over the application and meaning of the phrase focuses on its historical antecedents.
an official state religion.6 Only 6 countries, in all of which Islam is the declared state religion, provide no provision at all concerning religious freedom specifically.7 Other countries in which Islam is the declared state religion provide constitutional guarantees of the right to freedom of religion or belief, which comply in varying degrees to
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Jan 1, 2012 · Religion gave state authorities and state power its legitimacy, and the government was the protector of the Christian faith. Nowadays, religion is no longer that fundamental; the starting points are democracy and the rule of law.
Jan 6, 2017 · The US Constitution, and the famous Establishment Clause in particular, clearly outlines the separation of religion from state affairs, as well as the neutrality of the state with respect to religious ideas and practices. 2 This has become known as the “anti-establishment principle” in the Establishment Clause.
