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Current status. Active. Native client (s) on. iOS, Android. IBM Watson Media (formerly Ustream and IBM Cloud Video) is an American virtual events platform company which is a division of IBM. Prior to the IBM acquisition, it had more than 180 employees across San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Budapest offices.
Twitch is an American video live-streaming service that focuses on video game live streaming, including broadcasts of esports competitions, in addition to offering music broadcasts, creative content, and "in real life" streams. Twitch is operated by Twitch Interactive, a subsidiary of Amazon.
- Etymology
- Precursors
- History
- Use by The General Public
- Technologies
- Applications and Marketing
- Challenges
- Further Reading
- External Links
The term "streaming" was first used for tape drives manufactured by Data Electronics Inc. that were meant to slowly ramp up and run for the entire track; slower ramp times lowered drive costs. "Streaming" was applied in the early 1990s as a better description for video on demand and later live video on IP networks. It was first done by Starlight Ne...
Beginning in 1881, Théâtrophoneenabled subscribers to listen to opera and theatre performances over telephone lines. This operated until 1932. The concept of media streaming eventually came to America. In the early 1920s, George Owen Squier was granted patents for a system for the transmission and distribution of signals over electrical lines, whic...
Early development
Attempts to display media on computers date back to the earliest days of computing in the mid-20th century. However, little progress was made for several decades, primarily due to the high cost and limited capabilities of computer hardware. From the late 1980s through the 1990s, consumer-grade personal computers became powerful enough to display various media. The primary technical issues related to streaming were having enough CPU and bus bandwidth to support the required data rates and achi...
Late 1990s to early 2000s
During the late 1990s and early 2000s, users had increased access to computer networks, especially the Internet. During the early 2000s, users had access to increased network bandwidth, especially in the last mile. These technological improvements facilitated the streaming of audio and video content to computer users in their homes and workplaces. There was also an increasing use of standard protocols and formats, such as TCP/IP, HTTP, and HTML, as the Internet became increasingly commerciali...
Business developments
Xing Technology was founded in 1989 and developed a JPEG streaming product called "StreamWorks". Another streaming product appeared in late 1992 and was named StarWorks. StarWorks enabled on-demand MPEG-1 full-motion videos to be randomly accessed on corporate Ethernet networks. Starworks was from Starlight Networks, which also pioneered live video streaming on Ethernet and via Internet Protocol over satellites with Hughes Network Systems. Other early companies that created streaming media te...
Advances in computer networking, combined with powerful home computers and operating systems, have made streaming media affordable and easy for the public. Stand-alone Internet radio devicesemerged to offer listeners a non-technical option for listening to audio streams. These audio-streaming services became increasingly popular; streaming music re...
Bandwidth
A broadband speed of 2 Mbit/s or more is recommended for streaming standard-definition video, for example to a Roku, Apple TV, Google TV or a Sony TV Blu-ray Disc Player. 5 Mbit/s is recommended for high-definition content and 9 Mbit/s for ultra-high-definition content. Streaming media storage size is calculated from the streaming bandwidth and length of the media using the following formula (for a single user and file): storage size in megabytes is equal to length (in seconds) × bit rate (in...
Protocols
Video and audio streams are compressed to make the file size smaller. Audio coding formats include MP3, Vorbis, AAC and Opus. Video coding formats include H.264, HEVC, VP8 and VP9. Encoded audio and video streams are assembled in a container bitstream such as MP4, FLV, WebM, ASF or ISMA. The bitstream is delivered from a streaming server to a streaming client (e.g., the computer user with their Internet-connected laptop) using a transport protocol, such as Adobe's RTMP or RTP. In the 2010s, t...
Recording
Media that is livestreamed can be recorded through certain media players, such as VLC player, or through the use of a screen recorder. Live-streaming platforms such as Twitch may also incorporate a video on demand system that allows automatic recording of live broadcasts so that they can be watched later. YouTubealso has recordings of live broadcasts, including television shows aired on major networks. These streams have the potential to be recorded by anyone who has access to them, whether l...
Useful and typical applications of streaming are, for example, long video lectures performed online. An advantage of this presentation is that these lectures can be very long, although they can always be interrupted or repeated at arbitrary places. Streaming enables new content marketing concepts. For example, the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra sell...
Copyright issues
For OTT platforms, the original content captures additional subscribers. This presents copyright issues and the potential for international exploitation through streaming, widespread use of standards, and metadata in digital files. The WIPO has indicated several basic copyright issues arising for those pursuing work in the film and music industriesin the era of streaming. Streaming copyrighted content can involve making infringing copies of the works in question. The recording and distributio...
Hagen, Anja Nylund (2020). Music in Streams: Communicating Music in the Streaming Paradigm, In Michael Filimowicz & Veronika Tzankova (ed.), Reimagining Communication: Mediation (1st Edition). Rout...Preston, J. (11 December 2011). "Occupy Video Showcases Live Streaming". The New York Times.Sherman, Alex (27 October 2019). "AT&T, Disney and Comcast have very different plans for the streaming wars – here's what they're doing and why". CNBC."The Early History of the Streaming Media Industry and The Battle Between Microsoft & Real". streamingmedia.com. March 2016. Archived from the original on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2016.May 3, 2024 · Twitch, American online live streaming platform where users can watch video game footage. Founded in 2011, Twitch has become the largest video game streaming platform in the world, having an average of 31 million visitors daily. Twitch is a subsidiary of Amazon, which bought the platform in August 2014 for $970 million.
Televisi internet, televisi penjaliran, atau televisi siaran alir ( Inggris: streaming television) adalah situs web yang memiliki tayangan video yang terkonsep, selalu diperbaharui terus-menerus, tidak statis, mengikuti perkembangan peristiwa yang terjadi di lingkungan sekitar, dan bisa diakses oleh publik secara bebas, dengan berbagai macam ben...
Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas dalam bahasa Indonesia, disediakan secara gratis oleh Wikimedia Foundation, sebuah organisasi nirlaba.
Apr 1, 2017 · Ustream is IBM Cloud Video. As of April 1st, 2017, Ustream’s transition to becoming part of IBM is complete. Ustream was acquired by IBM back in January of 2016, and quickly became one of the pillars of the then newly created IBM Cloud Video business unit.
