Yahoo Web Search

Search results

1. Top results related to what is a bencode encoding in c programming

   • What is a program that doesn't return anything in C programming?

     Top Answer

     Answered May 18, 2020 · 1 votes

     Every C function specifies its return type. Specifying the return type as void is C's way of specifying that the function doesn't return a value (and presumably is meant to be called only for it side effects).

     Some other languages (Pascal, for example) make this distinction by calling value-returning subroutines "functions" and non-value-returning subroutines "procedures".

     Under a hosted implementation (basically a C implementation not targeting an embedded system), the main function is the program's entry point. The standard requires the return type of main to be int but allows implementations to specify other types. Any program that uses some other type is non-portable.

     Normally, with main defined to return int, the result returned by main is given to the calling environment to communicate some information, such as whether the program succeeded or failed. As a special case that applies only to the main function, failing to explicitly return a value is equivalent to returning 0, which denotes successful termination.

     Some implementations will allow you to define main with a return type of void, but doing so makes your program non-portable, and there is no good reason to do so. Personally, I use void main() as a filter for C books and tutorials. Any author who suggests void main() without discussion implementation-defined behavior or freestanding implementations does not know C well enough to be teaching it.

     Check all answers on Stack Overflow

     1/5

   • What is a good project to learn Windows Forms programming in C#?

     Top Answer

     Answered Jun 17, 2009 · 9 votes

     I would try to start with something fairly contained, which only touched a few new technologies. For instance, if you want to learn Windows Forms, write something which uses that but doesn't need to talk to Outlook, Google, or the Win32 API. Once you've got the hang of Windows Forms, try one extra technology - try displaying your Google Contacts and do offline editing, for example. Then add another technology... etc.

     In my experience it's hard enough to learn one new technology at a time - but that's far quicker than trying to learn two or more in one go. You inevitably get to the stage where you don't know where the problems are, and you have no confidence in any of your code because it's all new. This is particularly important if you're still fairly new to the language as well - although I'm glad to hear you started with some console apps :)

     Sorry if that sounds like I'm being a wet blanket, and I realise it sounds like you'll take far longer to get to something useful that way, but I think you're more likely to be successful in the long run.

     Other Answers

     Answered Jun 17, 2009 · 6 votes

     Find something that most importantly interests and excites you. If you pick something too boring that you don't care about you'll only give up before you get anywhere, and won't benefit at all. Don't do a rubbish project for the sake of learning a language. Do a good project, and do it in a new language as a side effect.

     Other Answers

     Answered Jun 17, 2009 · 3 votes

     Make a notepad clone. While being fairly simple it will give you a primer in some basic Windows Forms mechanisms such as using menus and reacting on their events, getting input from controls for storage on disk, reading from disk and updating controls, using Docking and Anchoring and so on.

     Check all answers on Stack Overflow

     2/5

   • What is a production in the context of the C Programming language?

     Top Answer

     Answered Jun 03, 2022 · 6 votes

     In computer science, formal grammars are described using production rules. For example, a rule of the form:

     P → xyz

     says the symbol P may be replaced by the symbols xyz, and a rule of the form

     Q → aP | bP

     says the symbol Q may be replaced by the symbol a and the symbol P or by the symbol b and the symbol P.

     The formal grammar designates a start symbol, such as Q, and says which symbols are nonterminal symbols (placeholders that do not appear in the final string) and which are terminal symbols (that may appear in the final string). If Q is the start symbol for the grammar with the two rules above, then these rules describe a grammar that contains two strings, axyz and bxyz, because those are the only two strings that can be made with those rules. The set of strings a grammar can produce is called its language.

     λ is commonly used the mean an empty string, one with no symbols.

     This grammar with nonterminal symbol S, terminal symbols a and b, and start symbol S:

     S → aSbb | λ

     can produce the empty string by replacing S with the empty string, or it can produce abb by replacing S with aSbb and then the new S with the empty string, or it can produce aabbbb by replacing S with aSbb and then replacing the new S with aSbb, yielding aaSbbbb, and then replacing S with the empty string, yielding aabbbb. We can see the language of this grammar is the set of all strings containing some number of a characters (possibly zero) followed by twice as many b characters.

     The C standard defines the C language using a formal grammar (with some qualifications and modifications in English). For example, it contains this production (where it uses “:” instead of the “→” I used above and uses separate lines instead of “|” to indicate a choice):

     statement:         labeled-statement         compound-statement         expression-statement         selection-statement         iteration-statement         jump-statement

     Regarding the other terminology you marked in bold:

     undefined terminal symbols integer-constant,…

     The C grammar given in The C Programming Language appears to be a partial grammar, leaving integer-constant as an undefined symbol, and hence acting as a terminal symbol. In the official ANSI C 1990 standard, it is a defined non-terminal in the official ANSI C 1990 standard.

     … the typewriter style words and symbols are terminals given literally.

     This is clearer in the original, where the fonts used make it evident the “typewriter” style is a fixed-width font:

     … the typewriter style words and symbols are terminals given literally.

     This, with its preceding text, means that, in the grammar, words in italic, like declaration, are non-terminal symbols of the grammar that “become something else” by productions of the grammar, while words in the “typewriter” font, like typedef, are terminal symbols and they are symbols for the literal characters in their names; typedef in the grammar means the characters t, y, p, e, d, e, and f in the source code.

     …to duplicate each production with an opt symbol, once with the symbol and once without…

     The standard uses a subscript “opt”, like this:

     P: Q Ropt

     to mean that R is optional. Formally, this is actually two rules:

     P → Q R P → Q

     meaning there is a rule that replaces P with Q R and a rule that replaces P with Q, and either may be used. Hence, the R is optional. Using the “opt” subscript is just a different way of writing the rules.

     … this grammar is acceptable to the YACC parser-generator. It has only one conflict, generated by the if-else ambiguity.

     In computer science theory, a parser is software that checks whether a string is in a language. (In practice, it often does other useful things at the same time, like assigning “meaning” to the string by interpreting parts of it as numbers, parts as variables, and so on.) YACC is software that reads a specification of a grammar and produces source code for a parser for the language the grammar describes.

     The type of parser that YACC generates requires deciding which production will be applied as each token is read. A conflict occurs when the grammar is inadequate determine which production to apply. In the C formal grammar, if (x) if (y) S1 else S2 can be produced in two ways, one that associates else S2 with the first if and one that associates else S2 with the second if. This has to be resolved by adding information to the grammar; YACC is told to associate the else S2 with the most recent if that does not currently have an else.

     Check all answers on Stack Overflow

     3/5

   • What is it mean by exit code 139 in C programming when i compile a code?

     Top Answer

     Answered Aug 27, 2021 · 1 votes

     here error code 139 indicates segment fault that is arising because you haven't used format specifiers in the code the correct code will be

     #include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>-int main(void){ char ch = 'A'; short s = ch; printf("%d",s); printf("\n________________________\n"); short s2 = 67; char ch2 = (char)s2; printf("%c",ch2); return 0;}

     Check all answers on Stack Overflow

     4/5

   • What is cache in C++ programming?

     Top Answer

     Answered Sep 18, 2013 · 22 votes

     Any modern CPU has several layers of cache that are typically named things like L1, L2, L3 or even L4. This is called a multi-level cache. The lower the number, the faster the cache will be.

     It's important to remember that the CPU runs at speeds that are significantly faster than the memory subsystem. It takes the CPU a tiny eternity to wait for something to be fetched from system memory, many, many clock-cycles elapse from the time the request is made to when the data is fetched, sent over the system bus, and received by the CPU.

     There's no programming construct for dealing with caches, but if your code and data can fit neatly in the L1 cache, then it will be fastest. Next is if it can fit in the L2, and so on. If your code or data cannot fit at all, then you'll be at the mercy of the system memory, which can be orders of magnitude slower.

     This is why counter-intuitive things like unrolling loops, which should be faster, might end up being slower because your code becomes too large to fit in cache. It's also why shaving a few bytes off a data structure could pay huge dividends even though the memory footprint barely changes. If it fits neatly in the cache, it will be faster.

     The only way to know if you have a performance problem related to caching is to benchmark very carefully. Remember each processor type has varying amounts of cache, so what might work well on your i7 CPU might be relatively terrible on an i5.

     It's only in extremely performance sensitive applications that the cache really becomes something you worry about. For example, if you need to maintain a steady 60FPS frame rate in a game, you'll be looking at cache problems constantly. Every millisecond counts here. Likewise, anything that runs the CPU at 100% for extended periods of time, such as rendering video, will want to pay very close attention to how much they could gain from adjusting the code that's emitted.

     You do have control over how your code is generated with compiler flags. Some will produce smaller code, some theoretically faster by unrolling loops and other tricks. To find the optimal setting can be a very time-consuming process. Likewise, you'll need to pay very careful attention to your data structures and how they're used.

     Check all answers on Stack Overflow

     5/5

   Show moreShow less

2. People also ask

   What is a Bencode encoding?

   • Bencode is a very specialized kind of binary coding with some unique properties: For each possible (complex) value, there is only a single valid bencoding; i.e. there is a bijection between values and their encodings.

   Bencode - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bencode

   See all results for this question

   What is bencoding in BitTorrent?

   • Bencoding is most commonly used in torrent files, and as such is part of the BitTorrent specification. These metadata files are simply bencoded dictionaries. Bencoding is simple and (because numbers are encoded as text in decimal notation) is unaffected by endianness, which is important for a cross-platform application like BitTorrent.

   Bencode - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bencode

   See all results for this question

   What are the different types of Bencode values?

   • Bencode supports four types of values: integer, byte string (representing text or raw binary data), list (sequence of bencode values), and dictionary (each key is a byte string, and each value is a bencode value). The name “bencode” is used by Wikipedia, and I think it makes the most sense.

   BitTorrent bencode format tools - Nayuki

   www.nayuki.io/page/bittorrent-bencode-format-tools

   See all results for this question

   What is encoding in BitTorrent?

   • The BitTorrent file distribution system defines its own format for serializing structured data, known as bencode or bencoding. It is used in .torrent files and in network communications with trackers. This page provides tools for encoding, decoding, and inspecting bencoded data.

   BitTorrent bencode format tools - Nayuki

   www.nayuki.io/page/bittorrent-bencode-format-tools

   See all results for this question

3. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › BencodeBencode - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Bencode

   • Cached

   Bencode (pronounced like Bee-encode) is the encoding used by the peer-to-peer file sharing system BitTorrent for storing and transmitting loosely structured data. It supports four different types of values: byte strings, integers, lists, and; dictionaries (associative arrays).

4. stackoverflow.com › questions › 19226698Encoding and Decoding text in c - Stack Overflow

   stackoverflow.com › questions › 19226698

   • Cached

   Oct 7, 2013 · FILE *outputFile; int encodeBinary[4] = {0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03}; char encodeChars[4] = {':', '@', ' ', ' '}; void encode(const char * inFile, const char * outFile) {. inputFile = fopen(inFile, "r"); outputFile = fopen(outFile, "w"); char lineBuffer[BUFSIZ];

   Code sample

   uint8_t data = 0x41;

   for(uint8_t i=0; i<8; i++) {

     if( (data & (1<<i)) > 0) {

     printf("1");

     }...

   See more on stackoverflow

5. c-for-dummies.com › blogEncoding and Decoding, Part I | C For Dummies Blog

   c-for-dummies.com › blog

   • Cached

   Oct 24, 2015 · A good way to exercise your C programming muscles is to work on a encoding/decoding project. This process makes you think about data and how it’s represented, and also how to work on both ends of an input/output puzzle. Encoding is the process of translating information into another format.

6. stackoverflow.com › questions › 1046902encoding - The Point of Bencoding - Stack Overflow

   stackoverflow.com › questions › 1046902

   • Cached

   Jun 26, 2009 · What advantages does it have? Why not use xml? /sarcasm. encoding. edited Jun 26, 2009 at 2:16. asked Jun 26, 2009 at 0:57. Hamza Yerlikaya. 49.2k 44 150 242. 1 Answer. Sorted by: 6. For one thing, I'm pretty sure bencoding is more space-efficient than equivalent XML. answered Jun 26, 2009 at 1:29. Hank Gay. 71.1k 36 160 222. 1.

7. adrianstoll.com › post › bencodingBencoding - Adrian Stoll

   adrianstoll.com › post › bencoding

   • Cached

   Bencode is an encoding scheme used by Bittorent that is similar to JSON. It supports the encoding of integers, strings, lists, and dictionaries as follows: Integers are encoded as i<number here>e. Strings are encoded as <length>:<length characters>. Lists are in the form l<multiple bencoded elements>e.

8. Videos

   • 

     5:41

     youtube.com

     The Basics Of Video Encoding

     Aug 21, 2009

     127.8K Views

   • 

     11:23

     youtube.com

     Encoding and Decoding | Encode and Decode | What is Encoding and Decoding

     Nov 30, 2019

     21.5K Views

   • 

     8:40

     youtube.com

     What is Encoder?

     Mar 4, 2019

     937.5K Views

   View all

9. www.nayuki.io › page › bittorrent-bencode-format-toolsBitTorrent bencode format tools - Nayuki

   www.nayuki.io › page › bittorrent-bencode-format-tools

   • Cached

   The BitTorrent file distribution system defines its own format for serializing structured data, known as bencode or bencoding. It is used in .torrent files and in network communications with trackers. This page provides tools for encoding, decoding, and inspecting bencoded data.

10. caolan.uk › notes › 2015/11/23_bencodingBencoding · Caolan

    caolan.uk › notes › 2015/11/23_bencoding

    • Cached

    Nov 23, 2015 · Bencode can safely include binary data too, and as you'll see, is incredibly easy to serialize and parse. Bencode format; Protocol Buffers; Encoding rules In Bencode, strings are almost identical to Netstrings, a delightfully simple format for bytestrings, where the value is prefixed by it's length in bytes: 12:hello world! => "hello world!"