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Hannibal
- Hannibal (247–183 bce) led Carthage against Rome during the Second Punic War. He is best known for his brilliant strategies and for leading his troops and war elephants south across the near-impassable Alps to invade Italy, considered one of the most impressive feats in ancient military history.
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This tool of war was unknown among the classical civilizations. Egypt and Babylonia's foot soldiers were unable to defend against the invaders: in 1630 BC , the Hyksos swept into the Nile Delta , and in 1595 BC , the Hittites swept into Mesopotamia .
In the second half of the third millennium BCE, Sumerian city-states fought each other, and dynasties rose and fell. Kings consolidated power over multiple city-states in the region. Then, King Sargon of Akkad enlarged the scale by conquering the Sumerian city-states and parts of Syria, Anatolia, and Elam.
Hammurabi (born, Babylon [now in Iraq]—died c. 1750 bce) was the sixth and best-known ruler of the 1st (Amorite) dynasty of Babylon (reigning c. 1792–1750 bce), noted for his surviving set of laws, once considered the oldest promulgation of laws in human history.
- Hammurabi ruled Babylon from about 1792 to 1750 BCE. He is noted for his surviving set of laws, which were inscribed on a stela in Babylon’s temple...
- Hammurabi’s Code is the most complete extant collection of Babylonian laws. It consists of Hammurabi’s legal decisions that were collected toward t...
- Hammurabi conquered southern Babylonia, transformed a small city-state into a large territorial state, and shifted the balance of power in Mesopota...
1.5.4: The New Babylonian Empire (c. 626 – 539 BCE) In the second half of the third millennium BCE, Sumerian city-states fought each other. Kings consolidated power over multiple city-states in the region. For example, King Sargon of Akkad conquered Sumerian city-states and parts of Syria, Anatolia, and Elam.
The Rise of Rome (3rd century bce to 2nd century ceMajor FiguresHannibalHannibal (247–183 bce ) led Carthage against Rome during the Second Punic War. He is best known for his brilliant strategies and for leading his troops and war elephants south across the near-impassable Alps to invade Italy, considered one of the most impressive feats in ...
The typical visitor likely won’t grasp that the Throne Room dates to the latest phase of Knossos—the end of the 2nd millennium BCE, though the site was occupied nearly continuously from the Neolithic to the Roman era (from the 8th millennium BCE to at least the 5th century CE).
Chariot warfare and population movements lead to violent changes at the center of the millennium. New order emerges with Greek control of the Aegean and the rise of the Hittite Empire . The end of the millennium sees the start of the Iron Age .
