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Abckiria (also sometimes spelled ABC-kiria, and spelled "ABC-kirja" in contemporary Finnish), in English "ABC book", is the first book that was published in the Finnish language. It was written by Mikael Agricola, a bishop and Lutheran Reformer, and was first published in 1543.
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In 1543 he published his first book, ABC-book. It was the first publication ever printed in the Finnish language and it was later re-published twice. In 1544 Agricola published the Prayer-Book, in 1548 the New Testament, in 1549 a liturgical handbook, a mass-book, and a book about the passion of Christ.
The first novel published in Finnish was Seven Brothers (1870) by Aleksis Kivi (1834–1872). The book Meek Heritage [fi] (1919) by Frans Eemil Sillanpää (1888–1964) made him the first Finnish Nobel Prize winner. Another notable author is Väinö Linna.
FINNISH LITERARY HISTORY • The beginning of the Finnish literature journey goes back to the 1540s when Finnish Lutheran reformer Mikael Agricola (1510–1557) published Abckiria (ABC Book), which is the first book ever written in Finnish. • The Finnish national epic Kalevala by Elias Lönnrot was compiled from Karelian
- Overview
- From the Middle Ages to the 18th century
- The 19th century
Finnish literature, the oral and written literature produced in Finland in the Finnish, Swedish, and, during the Middle Ages, Latin languages.
The history of Finnish literature and that of Swedish literature are intertwined. From the mid-12th century until 1809, Finland was ruled by Sweden, and Swedish remained the language of the upper classes until the end of the 19th century, at which time a vigorous movement began to revive Finnish as a cultural medium. This article discusses works written in Finland both in the Swedish language (Finland-Swedish literature) and in the Finnish language. It also discusses works by Finnish writers in exile in Sweden.
Finnish folk poetry was rich, with a wide range of forms. The metre, a trochaic four-stress line, was well suited to the Finnish language and to the memorization of long passages. Most of the poems were epic sequences or short songs. The epics centred on mythical events or the deeds of a hero. Into this category fall an early poem about the creation of the world and poems on the quest of the sampo, the adventures of the warrior-adventurer Lemminkäinen, and the legend of the tragic hero Kullervo. In many, the central character is the shaman-hero Väinämöinen, regarded by some as mythical, by others as historical. These stories also formed part of the Finnish national epic, the Kalevala. The lyrics, many by women, dealt with everyday griefs and joys; many were love songs or described the moods of a solitary soul, and the setting was rural—a landscape of forests and lakes, with glimpses of a village community.
In oral transmission many poems changed or became confused with one another. The oldest were mythological, dating from pagan times (and surviving in remoter areas until the 12th century). Many were of medieval origin and contained datable events and persons. The first scholar to pay serious attention to Finnish folk poetry was Henrik Gabriel Porthan in the mid-18th century, and systematic collection through transcription began in the second half of the 18th century. The best-known collector, Elias Lönnrot, concluded that the epic poems could be presented as a continuous folk epic. He joined a number together with connective material of his own and imposed a unifying plot; the result was the Kalevala (final form 1849), which was based on folk material but in structure was Lönnrot’s creation. Lönnrot also published a selection of the lyrics, Kanteletar (1840–41; Eng. trans. Kanteletar), and their influence and that of the Kalevala as a whole on the Finnish national consciousness, art, and culture have been immense. Today the Finnish Literature Society (Finnish: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, often referred to as SKS) houses one of the largest collections of oral tradition in the world, with millions of items.
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From the end of the 12th century, Finland had been a part of Sweden. Very little literature was created in Finland, however, during the pre-Reformation era. The earliest writer known by name is Jöns Budde, a monk at the Birgittine monastery in Naantali (Nådendal), whose work includes the translation of a number of Old Testament books into Swedish. Perhaps the most significant expression of Finland’s literary culture of the medieval period is the religious songs in Latin in the collection Piae cantiones, printed in 1582 but in use much earlier.
The founder of literary Finnish was the religious reformer Mikael Agricola, the first Lutheran bishop of Finland, who published a Finnish primer (c. 1543) and a translation of the New Testament from Greek into Finnish (1548). (The first Finnish translation of the whole Bible was published in 1642.) In the prefaces to his translations, Agricola showed familiarity with Finnish mythology as well as with foreign patterns of versification.
After its separation from Sweden in 1809, Finland became an autonomous grand duchy of Russia. Its Swedish legal and social institutions remained intact, and Swedish continued to be its official language. The new political situation gave rise to calls for an independent Finnish culture. These first emerged among a group of intellectuals, the Turku (...
The first historical novels in Finland saw daylight in the works of Zacharias Topelius and Fredrika Runeberg. My research looks at the ways their novels present and construct the national historical narrative. Both authors feature a similar idea of the Finnish nation and its birth, but they handle it differently.
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This article revisits the traditional history of the birth of the Finnish literary language in the aftermath of the Lutheran Reformation in the first half of the 16th century.
