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- The DSM-IV, released in 1994 and revised in 2000, was the first edition to categorize autism as a spectrum.
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Feb 24, 2021 · Official recognition of this condition took almost 40 years; several lines of evidence became available in the 1970s that demonstrated the validity of the diagnostic concept, clarified early misperceptions about autism, and illustrated the need for clearer approaches to its diagnosis.
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1926: Grunya Sukhareva, a child psychiatrist in Kyiv, Russia, writes about six children with autistic traits in a scientific German psychiatry and neurology journal.
1938: Louise Despert, a psychologist in New York, details 29 cases of childhood schizophrenia, some of whom have traits that resemble today's classification of autism.
1943: Leo Kanner publishes a paper describing 11 patients who were focused on or obsessed with objects and had a “resistance to (unexpected) change.” He later named this condition “infantile autism.” 1944: Nazi-funded, Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger publishes a popularized scientific study on autistic children, a case study describing four chi...
1952:In the first edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), children with autistic traits are labeled as having childhood schizophrenia. 1956:Leon Eisenberg publishes his paper "The Autistic Child in Adolescence," which follows 63 autistic children for nine years and again at 15 y...
1964: Bernard Rimland publishes Infantile Autism: The Syndrome and Its Implications for a Neural Theory of Behavior, challenging the “refrigerator mother” theory and discussing the neurological factors in autism. 1964: Dr. Ole Ivar Lovaas, creator of LGBTQ conversion therapy, begins working on his theory of Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) therapy...
1970s: Lorna Wing proposes the concept of autism spectrum disorders. She identifies the “triad of impairment,” which includes three areas: social interaction, communication, and imagination. 1975:The Education for All Handicapped Children Act is enacted to help protect the rights and meet the needs of children with disabilities, most of whom were p...
1980: The third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) includes criteria for a diagnosis of infantile autism for the first time.
1990:Autism is included as a disability category in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), making it easier for autistic children to get special education services. 1996: Temple Grandin writes Emergence—Labeled Autistic, a firsthand account of her life with autism and how she became successful in her field. 1998: Andrew Wakefield p...
2003: The Global and Regional Asperger Syndrome Partnership(GRASP), an organization run by people with Asperger’s syndrome and autism spectrum disorders, is formed. 2003: Bernard Rimland and Stephen Edelson write the book Recovering Autistic Children. 2006: Ari Ne'eman establishes the Autistic Self Advocacy Network(ASAN). 2006: Dora Raymaker and Ch...
2010: Andrew Wakefield loses his medical license and is barred from practicing medicine, following the retraction of his autism paper. 2013:The DSM-5 combines autism, Asperger’s, and childhood disintegrative disorder into autism spectrum disorder. 2014: The president signs the Autism Collaboration, Accountability, Research, Education and Support (C...
When DSM-IV was published in 1994, the number of possible diagnostic criteria had increased to sixteen and four subcategories were listed under Autistic Disorder: Asperger’s Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder, NOS (not otherwise specified), Rett’s Disorder, and Childhood Disintegrative Disorder. Asperger’s became the best known.
Oficial recognition of this condition took almost 40 years; several lines of evidence became available in the 1970s that demonstrated the valid-ity of the diagnostic concept, clarified early misperceptions about autism, and illustrated the need for clearer approaches to its diagnosis.
Autism raises particular problems given the broad range of syndrome expression over age and developmental level. The most recent revision of the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic taxonomy marks a significant departure from its predecessor and has been the focus of much debate.
Autism was included in DSM-III (APA 1980) in an entirely new ‘class’ of conditions—the Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs). The definition provided for “infantile autism” in DSM-III was true to the name of the disorder, emphasizing characteristics of young children.
