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After the election of Duke Albert V as German King Albert II, Vienna became the capital of the Holy Roman Empire. Albert's name is remembered for his expulsion of the Jewish population of Vienna in 1421/22. Eventually, in 1469, Vienna was given its own bishop, and the Stephansdom became a cathedral.
At the Battle of Vienna (1683), the Army of the Holy Roman Empire, led by the Polish King John III Sobieski, decisively defeated a large Turkish army, stopping the western Ottoman advance and leading to the eventual dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire in Europe.
In 16–15 bce the Romans, under the future emperor Tiberius, occupied the foothills of the Alps, and in the next century the Celtic town of Vindobona (Celtic: “White Field”; later to become Vienna) became a strategic Roman garrison town.
From 1558 to 1918 it was an imperial city—until 1806 the seat of the Holy Roman Empire and then the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1918 it became the capital of the truncated, landlocked central European country that emerged from World War I as a republic.
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In 1558, Vienna became the capital of the Holy Roman Empire, which it remained until 1806. It was the capital of the Austrian Empire from 1804 to 1867, and of the Cisleithanian part of Austria-Hungary from 1867 to 1918, and subsequently became the capital of Austria.
May 6, 2024 · The Holy Roman Empire was the varying complex of lands in western and central Europe ruled over first by Frankish and then by German kings for 10 centuries (800–1806). Learn more about the origins, history, and significance of the Holy Roman Empire in this article.
Vienna eventually became the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1556 after the Habsburgs had gained Hungary and Bohemia. In 1679 the bubonic plague struck the city, killing nearly a third of its population. It suffered revolts under the Reformation and Counter-Reformation and was also the site of several sieges by the Ottoman Empire.
