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- In Northern Europe, where art had generally conformed to the standards of the Protestant Reformation, Peter Paul Rubens, a Catholic artist who had studied extensively in Rome, brought Baroque art concepts and methods. Midway through the seventeenth century, Spain adopted the baroque style.
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A greater realism or naturalistic composition evolved, leading to a new form of classicalism adopted from ancient Greek and Roman art. For the first time, artists were not limited to the mercy of the churches, and many of the prosperous middle class were buying art to hang in their own homes.
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Mar 17, 2024 · Renaissance artists such as Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo de Vinci continue to inspire and contribute to the evolution of European painting. We see this in the works of the great northern painter Peter Paul Rubens.
- Summary of Baroque Art and Architecture
- Key Ideas & Accomplishments
- Beginnings of Baroque Art and Architecture
- Baroque Art and Architecture: Concepts, Styles, and Trends
- Later Developments - After Baroque Art and Architecture
In 1527 Europe, religious dominance had the power to direct and inform the content and climate of society's artistic output. At the time, a backlash against the conservative Protestant Reformation was compelled by the Catholic Church to re-establish its importance and grandeur within society. Artists followed suit by reviving Renaissance ideals of ...
Baroque brought images for religious worship back into the public eye after being banned for their glorification of the ethereal and ideal. The movement's leaders professed that art should be easil...Baroque churches became a pivotal example of the invigorated emphasis on the glory of Catholicism with their designs that incorporated a large central space with a dome or cupola high overhead, all...The defining characteristics of the Baroque style were: real or implied movement, an attempt to represent infinity, an emphasis on light and its effects, and a focus on the theatrical. A number of...Baroque ushered in a new era for European sculpture, led largely by the work of Gian Lorenzo Bernini, which emphasized sensual richness, dramatic realism, intense emotion, and movement. In Baroque...The Term: Baroque
The origin of the term Baroque is a bit ambiguous. Many scholars think it was derived from the Portuguese barrocco, meaning an imperfect or irregularly shaped pearl. And some, like the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau thought it was derived from the Italian barocco, a term used to describe an obstacle in formal logic in the medieval period. In growing usage the term originally contained negative connotations, the artwork within its cadre viewed as bizarre and sometimes ostentatious. But in 1...
The Counter-Reformation
Rather than having a single moment of inception, the Baroque period brought together a number of innovative developments in the late 1500s as it was informed by the different and rival painting styles of Caravaggio, the Bolognese School led by Annibale Carracci, and the architecture of Giacomo Della Porta. A deciding factor in the formation of the movement's intensity and scope was the patronage of the Catholic Church's Counter-Reformation. Following the 1527 Sack of Rome, and in efforts to o...
Giacomo Della Porta
The architect Giacomo Della Porta came from a family of Italian sculptors and was a student, and later collaborator of both Michelangelo and the leading Mannerist architect in Rome, Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola. He worked with Barozzi on the building of the Church of the Gesù (1584) and, following the older man's death in 1573, completed the project with a reinterpreted design. His façade both reduced the number of architectural elements, while simultaneously clustering those elements that rema...
Spanish Baroque
Spanish Baroque was noted for its distinctive style, as a somber and, even sometimes, gloomy mood prevailed in Spanish culture. The Eighty Year War (1568-1648) where the Spanish sought unsuccessfully to maintain control of the Netherlands, and the Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604) where the Spanish Armada, attempting to invade England, was defeated, drained Spanish finances and created an economic crisis. At the same time, Catholicism was informed by the severity of the Inquisition. In architectu...
French Baroque and French Classicism
Architecture was the dominant expression of the French Baroque style. Called Classicism in France, it rejected the ornate in favor of geometric proportion and less elaborate facades. While Louis XIV invited Bernini to France to submit a design for his Palace of Versailles in 1661, the King instead chose Louis Le Vau's classical design with Charles Le Brun as decorator. As the director of the Gobelins tapestry, Le Brun's work became influential throughout Europe. The Galerie des Glaces (Hall o...
Russian Baroque
Russian Baroque is also called Petrine Baroque, named in honor of Peter the Great who promoted the style in rebuilding St. Petersburg, when he named it the new Russian capital in 1712. He had been inspired by French Baroque following his 1697-1698 visit to Versailles and the Chateaux of Fontainebleau. The Menshikov Palace (1711-1727) became a notable early example of Russian Baroque. Architects like Andreas Schluter, Gottfried Schadel, and Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond were leading archite...
The Baroque period came to an end with the emergence of Rococo in Paris around 1720. Some scholars refer to Rococo as "Late Baroque," yet it took on a very light-hearted and entertaining style bound to courtly life. Nonetheless Baroque artists continued to be influential in the Rococo period, as Rubens influenced Jean-Antoine Watteau, François Bouc...
Feb 19, 2023 · In Northern Europe, where art had generally conformed to the standards of the Protestant Reformation, Peter Paul Rubens, a Catholic artist who had studied extensively in Rome, brought Baroque art concepts and methods. Midway through the seventeenth century, Spain adopted the baroque style.
Apr 23, 2021 · In this article, we unpack the decorative and fanciful art period encompassed by Baroque art, including its most famous artists and the origins of the movement.
- Baroque art was an art period during the Counter-Reformation when the Catholic Church was in opposition to the Protestants, who had started the Ref...
- Baroque art was characterized by the use of ornate decorations in paintings, sculpture, and architecture. Baroque artists portrayed a heightened se...
- The Baroque period started as an art movement after the Renaissance and Mannerism art periods, and was followed by the Rococo art movement. The Bar...
Whether through shocking realism, dynamic movement, or exuberant ornamentation, seventeenth-century art is meant to impress. It aims to convince the viewer of the truth of its message by impacting the senses, awakening the emotions, and activating—even sharing—the viewer’s space.
This exhibition brings together twenty-seven of the finest surviving architectural models made in Europe between 1600 and 1750. Models enabled architects to study their designs in three-dimensional form and allowed prospective patrons to grasp immediately the essence of a proposal.
