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There are four major processes: transduction, transmission, modulation, and perception. Transduction refers to the processes by which tissue-damaging stimuli activate nerve endings. Transmission refers to the relay functions by which the message is carried from the site of tissue injury to the brain regions underlying perception.
- Marian Osterweis, Arthur Kleinman, David Mechanic
- 1987
- 1987
- What Are Nociceptors?
- Types
- Somatic Pain
- Visceral Pain
- Phases
- Chronic Nociceptive Pain
- Treatment
Both somatic pain and visceral pain are detected by nociceptors, which are sensory nerves that detect acute pain due to tissue injury, as well as chronic pain due to swelling or inflammation. These sensory nerves are located throughout the body in the skin, bones, joints, muscles, and tendons, as well as in the internal organs, such as the stomach,...
Though somatic and visceral pain is detected by the same types of nerves, and the triggers for both types of pain are sometimes similar, they do not usually feel the same.
Somatic pain, felt like a sharp pain, dull ache, or throbbing sensation, is detected by the nerves located in the skin, subcutaneous tissues, muscles, and joints. It can be triggered by an acute injury or by a chronic process. The pain felt from a cut, bruise, or arthritis are examples of somatic pain.
Visceral painis detected by nociceptors in the body's internal organs. You might feel visceral pain if you have a stomach infection, constipation, or something more serious such as internal bleeding or cancer. Unlike somatic pain, you might not feel visceral pain exactly at the area that is injured or inflamed. In other words, visceral pain can be ...
When nociceptors detect physical damage to your body, they create electrical signals. The signals travel to your spinal cord, which then sends the message up to the brain. This process occurs rapidly, involves four key steps, and is the same for both somatic and visceral nociceptive pain: 1. Transduction: Tissue injury (bumping your arm on a table)...
Most of the time, nociceptors stop firing once the injury or illness has resolved, which may require treatment, healing time, or both, depending on the underlying cause. You have probably noticed this when you have recovered from a cut, a broken bone, or an infection. Sometimes, however, the body can release substances that make nociceptors more se...
Treatment of nociceptive pain depends on the specific injury, and whether the pain is acute or chronic. For example, an acute injury like a hard bump on a table may simply require ice or a one-time dose of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) like ibuprofen. On the other hand, chronic pain, like from fibromyalgia, may require a daily medication t...
- Erica Jacques
Feb 9, 2023 · This narrative review aims to clarify the mechanisms of transmission and the processing of pain while also taking into account the characteristics and properties of nociceptors and how the immune system influences pain perception.
- 10.3390/ijerph20043064
- 2023/02
Sep 26, 2022 · Beta-endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins serve as ligands that activate these receptors and cause cell hyperpolarization via activating potassium channels and blocking calcium influx—the subsequent inhibition of substance P results in blocked pain transmission.
- Sarah Kendroud, Lauren A. Fitzgerald, Ian Murray, Andrew Hanna
- 2022/09/26
- 2019
Feb 11, 2019 · The 4 Steps of the Pain Pathway: Transduction, Transmission, Modulation, and Perception. Transduction: How a Mechanical Stimulus in Tissues Becomes an Electrical Signal in Nerves.
Signaling the central nervous system of actual or impending tissue injury requires linking peripheral nociceptive terminals, through dorsal root or trigeminal ganglion to spinal dorsal horn and cranial nerve entry points. This step requires axonal nerve conduction propagated by voltage gated sodium channels.
Jul 24, 2019 · The fundamental components of the pain pathway include (1) transduction of noxious stimuli into a neuronal signal, (2) transmission of the nociceptive signal to the CNS, (3) perception and integration in higher-order cortical structures, and (4) modulation via reciprocal and descending tracts.
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related to: 4 phases of pain transmissionLearn How Sodium Channels (Navs) Work In Pain Signal Transmission. Understand How Acute Pain Signals Are Transmitted Through The Body Via Sodium Channels.
