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The South African Border War, also known as the Namibian War of Independence, and sometimes denoted in South Africa as the Angolan Bush War, was a largely asymmetric conflict that occurred in Namibia (then South West Africa), Zambia, and Angola from 26 August 1966 to 21 March 1990.
- Johannes Geldenhuys
South Africa: Service/ branch: South African Army: Years of...
- Angolan Civil War
UNITA and South African forces attacked the MPLA's base at...
- Operation Savannah (Angola)
Operation Savannah was the South African code name for their...
- Johannes Geldenhuys
- Background
- Summary
- Aftermath
- Resources
- Prelude
- Funding
- Military
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Thus, Angola attained official independence on 11 November 1975 and, while the stage was set for transition, a combination of ethnic tensions and international pressures rendered Angolas hard-won victory problematic. As with many post-colonial states, Angola was left with both economic and social difficulties which translated into a power struggle ...
The National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA), founded in 1962, was rooted among the Bakongo people and strongly supported the restoration and defence of the Kongo empire, eventually developing into a nationalist movement supported by the government of Zaire and (initially) the Peoples Republic of China.
Thus, while a power-sharing arrangement was agreed upon after independence was secured, power struggles ensued almost immediately as the agreement collapsed. This was aggravated by the withdrawal of the Portuguese in 1975; refusing to impose peace or supervise elections, and failing to hand over power to any one party, the Portuguese armies exited ...
Angola spans around 481,226 square miles along the southwest coast of Africa, and is notably rich in mineral reserves, including oil, iron, copper, bauxite, diamonds and uranium. Angolas resource wealth became a means of funding the ongoing war between the MPLA and UNITA, with both parties extensively exploiting the countrys oil and diamond reserve...
Subsequent to the Portuguese coup the FNLAs internal support had already deteriorated considerably, although it maintained steady relations with Zaire and was thus well armed. This led the FNLA to attempt a forceful overthrow of the MPLA in Luanda, although the MPLA, backed by Cuba and the Soviet Union, deflected the onslaught and subsequently turn...
How was the conflict funded? External support played a major role in the funding of Angolas civil war, and one consequence of the Cold War was the flow of Western funding to UNITA. During the 1980s, UNITA was supplied with US$80-million in arms, military training and logistics by the South African government, while the South African Air Force contr...
During the power struggle between UNITA and the MPLA, UNITA managed to fund its military actions through the sale of diamonds valued at US$3.72 billion. In reaction to this, the United Nations Security Council passed resolution 1173 in 1998 which banned the purchase of diamonds from Angola. MPLA
Learn about the origins, causes and consequences of the Angolan Civil War, which involved three liberation movements and external powers. Find out how South Africa supported UNITA against the MPLA and Cuba.
Feb 22, 2016 · A book review of A Far-Away War: Angola 1975-1989 by SUN MeDIA at Stellenbosch University. The book challenges the conventional narrative of South Africa's role in Angola's civil war and its impact on regional and global politics.
- Dries Velthuizen
UNITA and South African forces attacked the MPLA's base at Cuito Cuanavale in Cuando Cubango province from 13 January to 23 March 1988, in the second-largest battle in the history of Africa, after the Battle of El Alamein, the largest in sub-Saharan Africa since World War II.
Mar 12, 2015 · Reading South African accounts of the 23-year long Border War between South Africa and the Angolan liberation movement UNITA on the one hand, and the Angolan government and army,...
- Thomas E. Ricks
This web page provides a chronological overview of the Angolan civil war, which involved various factions, including the MPLA, UNITA, FNLA, South Africa, Cuba, and the USA. It covers the main events, battles, agreements, and outcomes of the conflict that lasted from 1975 to 2002.
Operation Savannah was the South African code name for their military incursion into Angola in 1975–1976. It was part of the South African Border War and arose due to the Angolan War of Independence. The operation also materially influenced the subsequent Angolan Civil War.
