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Tularemia is an uncommon infection in dogs, but dogs can be exposed through insect bites or if they kill or eat an infected rabbit or rodent. How is tularemia transmitted? Infection with Francisella tularensis can occur in several ways: Ingestion of the tissues or body fluids of an infected animal.
Type A is most likely to cause rapid and severe disease. It is found most commonly in North America. Disease resulting from Type B infection is generally mild and occurs most commonly as a result of contact with arthropods (ticks, fleas, or flies) that spread the disease or ingestion of contaminated water in North America and Eurasia.
- Natural Distribution
- Transmission
- Clinical Signs of Tularemia in Animals and Humans
- Diagnosis
- Prevention
- Treatment
- Infection Control
- Use of Tularemia as A Biological Weapon
Tularemia most often affects lagomorphs (rabbits and hares) and rodents; however, it has been reported as affecting more than 100 species of wild and domestic mammals. In North America, infections are most common in snowshoe hares, black-tailed jackrabbits, and eastern and desert cottontails. Infections in birds, fish, amphibians, and reptiles are ...
Ticks are the most important vectors of F. tularensis, transferring the bacterium between rabbits, hares, and rodents and serving as an interepizootic reservoir. Horseflies, mosquitoes, sucking lice, and biting flies may also serve as vectors. In endemic areas, transmission to humans and other domestic vertebrates usually occurs via bites from infe...
Rabbits, hares, and rodents—Clinical signs in rabbits, hares, and rodents have not been well described, because affected animals have most often been found dead. Experimentally infected animals exhibit weakness, fever, ulcers, regional lymphadenopathy, and abscesses. Death usually ensues in 8 to 14 days. Sheep—Tularemia in sheep is typically a seas...
ELISA, hemagglutination, microagglutination, and tube agglutination are used to identify agglutinating antibodies in serum. Definitive diagnosis is through isolation of F. tularensis from clinical specimens (e.g., blood, exudates, biopsy samples); however, many laboratories are reluctant to attempt this because of associated risks with infecting la...
For humans and other animals, tick control is an important part of prevention. Contact with untreated water should be avoided when contamination with F. tularensis is suspected, and wild game should be thoroughly cooked before consumption. In endemic areas, handling of dead and moribund animals should be avoided. Gloves should be worn when handling...
Streptomycin and tetracycline are the antibiotics of choice for treating wild and domestic animals. For humans, streptomycin has been preferred, with tetracyclines (especially doxycycline), gentamicin, and chloramphenicol as alternatives. Fluoroquinolones have also shown promise in the treatment of tularemia. Chloramphenicol has been used to treat ...
Healthcare professionals assisting animal and human patients should wear personal protective clothing (e.g., gowns, gloves, and face masks). Because F. tularensis is a highly infectious organization, diagnostic laboratories should be notified that tularemia is on the list of differential diagnoses when specimens are submitted. Biosafety at level 2 ...
F. tularensis is classified as a Category A agent of bioterrorism because of its high infectivity, ease of dissemination, and its potential to cause severe disease. Anticipated mechanisms for dissemination include contamination of food or water and aerosolization. This information has been prepared as a service by the American Veterinary Medical As...
Among domestic animals, clinical infection of tularemia has been reported in sheep, cats, dogs, pigs, and horses. Cats are at increased risk because of predatory behavior on small mammal hosts and appear to have an increased susceptibility, whereas cattle appear to be resistant.
Tularemia is a bacterial disease caused by the organism Francisella tularensis. Tularemia most commonly affects lagomorphs (rabbits, hares) and rodents but can be a serious disease in people. In both humans and animals, acute fever is common. Clinical signs can include anorexia, dehydration, listlessness, enlarged lymph nodes, draining ...
Dec 15, 2020 · Also known as 'Rabbit Fever', the bacterial disease tularemia is typically mild in healthy dogs. However, for immune compromised pets, it may be deadly. Our Greensboro vets describe symptoms of tularemia, and how dogs can become infected with this relatively rare disease. What is tularemia in dogs?
Sep 14, 2020 · Tularemia (also known as ‘Rabbit Fever’) is a bacterial disease which is usually mild in healthy dogs. However, it can prove deadly for immune compromised pets. Our Huntersville vets explain tularemia in dogs and how they can contract this relatively rare disease. What is tularemia in dogs?
