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Oct 7, 2021 · In celebrating Columbus’ so-called discovery, they were overlooking (or worse, supporting) his violent efforts at conquest. These were knowable. Even in his own time, Columbus came under criticism for cruelties toward Indigenous peoples from Bartholome de Las Casas, a Dominican priest, and even the very Queen Isabella for whom Columbus sailed.
- Overview
- Columbus Saw Indigenous Americans as Obstacles
- The Age of Exploration Introduced Deadly Diseases to Indigenous Peoples
Christopher Columbus' arrival in North America in 1492 undoubtedly changed the world and lives of the Indigenous people he met. But was it for the better?
More than 500 years after he "discovered" the New World—kicking off centuries of exploration and colonization of the Americas—Christopher Columbus is honored with a federal holiday on the second Monday of every October. However, as historians have continued to dig into the life of Christopher Columbus, controversy has arisen over continuing to honor the Italian explorer as a hero.
Like many European explorers, Christopher Columbus encountered Indigenous people throughout his voyages. There are three main sources of controversy involving his interactions with the Indigenous people he labeled “Indians”: the use of violence and slavery, the forced conversion of native peoples to Christianity and the introduction of a host of new diseases that would have dramatic long-term effects on native people in the Americas.
In an era in which the international slave trade was starting to grow, Columbus and his men enslaved many native inhabitants of the West Indies and subjected them to extreme violence and brutality. On his famous first voyage in 1492, Columbus landed on an unknown Caribbean island after an arduous three-month journey.
On his first day in the New World, he ordered six of the natives to be seized, writing in his journal that he believed they would be good servants. Throughout his years in the New World, Columbus enacted policies of forced labor in which natives were put to work for the sake of profits. Later, Columbus sent thousands of peaceful Taino “Indians” from the island of Hispaniola to Spain to be sold. Many died en route.
Those left behind were forced to search for gold in mines and work on plantations. Within 60 years after Columbus landed, only a few hundred of what may have been 250,000 Taino were left on their island.
In addition to the controversy over enslavement and violent rule, the “Age of Exploration” that Columbus helped lead had the additional consequence of bringing new diseases to the New World which would, over time, devastate the native populations of many New World islands and communities.
In the broader sense, historians have used the phrase “Columbian exchange” to describe the exchange of plants, animals and goods between the East and West that his voyages sparked. Though the effects were widespread and cannot all be dismissed as negative, critics of Columbus have asserted that the worst aspects of this exchange added up to biological warfare.
Eventually, his methods and actions caught up with Columbus. A number of settlers lobbied against him at the Spanish court, accusing Columbus of mismanagement. In 1500, the king and queen sent in a royal administrator, who detained Columbus and his brothers and had them shipped home. Although Columbus regained his freedom and made a fourth and final voyage to the New World, he had lost his governorship and much of his prestige.
This historical record has cast Columbus' legacy under a cloud of controversy. Protests at Columbus Day parades, efforts to eliminate him from classroom curricula and calls for changing the federal holiday have all followed. Beginning in 1991, dozens of cities and several states began adopting Indigenous Peoples’ Day, a holiday that celebrates the history and contributions of Native Americans—rather than Columbus.
He enslaved the natives. During his voyages through the Caribbean islands and the Central and South American coasts, Columbus came upon indigenous people that he labeled “Indians.”. Columbus ...
Oct 2, 2023 · Demonstrators pulled down statues of Christopher Columbus in St. Paul, Minnesota, and Richmond, Virginia, and decapitated another in Boston, targeting monuments seen as symbols of white supremacy.
- Brian Handwerk
Jul 9, 2020 · California plans to remove a statue of Columbus from the state capitol building while others, including a famous statue in New York’s Columbus Circle are repeatedly debated.
Oct 12, 2015 · Some claim he was responsible for murder and enslavement, and was a brutal viceroy and governor of the territories under his control. All of which helps explain why people are using the # ...
Jul 7, 2020 · Long before Columbus became the symbol of Italian American identity, he was mythologized by a largely Protestant America as a heroic explorer who paved the way for the divinely sanctioned...
