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In part 2 Cameron discusses how the era of exploration in the 1960s—both into space and to the ocean’s depths—inspired his career as a filmmaker and, later, as an deep-sea pioneer and ...
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May 16, 2023 · The bathysphere made 15 dives that summer, and almost 40, reaching 3,028 feet, by the time the expedition was wrapped up in 1934. As they went deeper, the dives became front-page news around the ...
- Brad Fox
Meanwhile, Cousteau, who had already become known in his field, developed an international reputation as a pioneer of deep-sea exploration as well as an environmental activist. In 1952, he published “Silent World” with Frédéric Dumas and James Dugan, which attracted many to the world of recreational diving.
- Overview
- Explore Letters from Bathysphere Crew Members from our Archive
On a record-breaking expedition in the 1930s, one group of women—a scientist, an artist, and a researcher—helped define the science of the sea.
In the 1930s the boldest attempt at crewed deep-sea exploration was conducted in a steel contraption called the bathysphere. Here, technical officer Gloria Hollister Anable inspects the vessel after its arrival to St. George, Bermuda. Anable was in charge of keeping a constant line of communication with the crew as they descended underwater.
This is part of a weekly series for Women's History Month that tells the behind-the-scenes stories of trailblazing women at National Geographic. Read more profiles in the March 2020 issue.
In 1930 underwater explorers William Beebe and Otis Barton were lowered into the Atlantic Ocean near Bermuda in a tiny steel orb called a bathysphere. It was the first serious foray into crewed deep-sea exploration, and soon it would be international news.
The world of life they saw, wrote Beebe in a 1931 National Geographic story, was “almost as unknown as that of Mars or Venus.” Modern oceanography, he added, knew as much about the deep sea as if a student of African animals was studying rodents but didn’t yet know there were elephants and lions roaming the wild.
Above the water, a group of female scientists ensured that this bold new contraption operated without a hitch. From the boat deck, laboratory assistant Jocelyn Crane Griffin helped identify the marine life. At the phone was Gloria Hollister Anable, the chief technical associate for the Department of Tropical Research at what is now the Wildlife Conservation Society, which supported the mission. This phone connection, via a cable that ran from the vessel to the ship, was Beebe’s only lifeline to the outside world, and it was never supposed to go silent. (In one picture she’s perched on a wooden crate with headphones wrapped around her head and the caption notes, “When communication was interrupted she had no means of knowing whether it was from static or a fatal accident.”)
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The basement of National Geographic holds letters, story drafts, and trip plans from the staff of the bathysphere expedition. Click through to see some of their correspondence with editors at National Geographic.
The basement of National Geographic holds letters, story drafts, and trip plans from the staff of the bathysphere expedition. Click through to see some of their correspondence with editors at National Geographic.
Photograph by Rebecca Hale, National Geographic
Anable and Griffin took turns in the bathysphere as well. Descending 1,208 feet on one of those dives, Anable set a record for the greatest depth reached by a woman.
Deep-sea exploration is an aspect of underwater exploration and is considered a relatively recent human activity compared to the other areas of geophysical research, as the deeper depths of the sea have been investigated only during comparatively recent years. The ocean depths still remain a largely unexplored part of the Earth, and form a ...
May 31, 2013 · Here, Cameron discusses how the era of exploration in the 1960s—both into space and down to the ocean’s depths—inspired his career as a filmmaker and, later, as a deep-sea pioneer and ...
