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Georg Johann Pfeffer (1854–1931) was a German zoologist, primarily a malacologist, a scientist who studies mollusks . Illustration of the long-armed squid, Chiroteuthis veranyi ( Férussac, 1835), from G.J. Pfeffer (1912). Pfeffer was born in Berlin. In 1887 he became curator of the Hamburg Museum of Natural History [ de], which was ...
- 1931
- 1854, Berlin
- German
Nov. 16, 1942 Amsterdam. On 16 November 1942, Fritz Pfeffer went into hiding in the Secret Annex. He was the dentist of Miep Gies and an acquaintance of Otto and Edith Frank. His fiancé Charlotte Kaletta had been a guest at the wedding of Miep and Jan Gies the previous year. Pfeffer had told his landlord that he would be hospitalised.
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Obituary: Georg Pfeffer (17 January 1943–20 May 2020) With the death of Georg Pfeffer, we lost an enthusiastic teacher, a great colleague and a friend with ingenious humour, wit and integrity. Moreover, we lost a scholar who was throughout his life deeply committed to the study of kinship, religion, society and culture in South Asia.
Heart disease deaths increased by 4.8%, the largest increase in heart disease deaths since 2012. Increases in deaths also occurred for unintentional injury (11.1%), Alzheimer disease (9.8%), and diabetes (15.4%). Influenza and pneumonia deaths in 2020 increased by 7.5%, although the number of deaths was lower in 2020 than in 2017 and 2018.
- Farida B Ahmad, Robert N Anderson
- 2021
- An Introduction to Deadly Competition
- Dossiers of Eight Killers
- By Water, by Air
- By War, by Chance?
- Deadly Order
- Summary
- Figures
- Notes
Our subject is the history of death. Researchers have analyzed the time dynamics of numerous populations-nations, companies, products, technologies–competing to fill a niche or provide a given service. Here we review killers, causes of death, as competitors for human bodies. We undertake the analysis to understand better the role of the environment...
Let us now review the histories of eight causes of death: typhoid, diphtheria, the gastrointestinal family, tuberculosis, pneumonia plus influenza, cardiovascular, cancer, and AIDS. For each of these, we will see first how it competes against the sum of all other causes of death. In each figure we show the raw data, that is, the fraction of total d...
First, consider what we label the aquatic kills: a combination of typhoid and the gastrointestinal family. They cohere visually and phase down by a factor of ten over 33 years centered on 1919 (Figure 5). Until well into the 19th century, towndwellers drew their water from local ponds, streams, cisterns, and wells.They disposed of the wastewater fr...
Let us address briefly the question of where war and accidents fit. In our context we care about war because disputed control of natural resources such as oil and water can cause war. Furthermore, war leaves a legacy of degraded environment and poverty where pathogens find prey. We saw the extraordinary spike of the flu pandemic of 1918-1919. War f...
Let us return to the main story. Infectious diseases scourged the 19th century. In Massachusetts in 1872, one of the worst plague years, five infectious diseases, tuberculosis, diphtheria, typhoid, measles, and smallpox, alone accounted for 27 percent of all deaths. Infectious diseases thrived in the environment of the industrial revolution’s new t...
Historical examination of causes of death shows that lethality may evolve in consistent and predictable ways as the human environment comes under control. In the United States during the 20th century infections became less deadly, while heart disease grew dominant, followed by cancer. Logistic models of growth and multi-species competition in which...
Figure 1. Crude Death Rate: U.S. 1900-1997. Sources of data: Note 4. Figure 2a. Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever as a Fraction of All Deaths: U.S. 1900-1952. The larger panel shows the raw data and a logistic curve fitted to the data. The inset panel shows the same data and a transform that renders the S-shaped curve linear and normalizes the process ...
On the basicmodel see: Kingsland SE. Modeling Nature: Episodes in the History of PopulationEcology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985. Meyer PS. Bi-logisticgrowth. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 1994;47:89-102. On the modelof multi-species competition see Meyer PS, Yung JW, Ausubel JH. A Primer onlogistic growth and substituti...
Pfeffer was born in Berlin. Career In 1887 he became curator of the Natural History Museum of Hamburg (Naturhistorisches Museum zu Hamburg), which was established in 1843 and destroyed during World World War World War II Pfeffer"s published writings were mainly about cephalopods.
Georg Pfeffer. Georg Pfeffer (17 January 1943 — 20 May 2020) was a German anthropologist. Born in 1943 in Berlin to a German sociologist father and a British mother, he was schooled in Hamburg. In 1959, he moved to Lahore with his family, and studied at the city's Forman Christian College for 3 years. Later, he moved back to Germany and ...
