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Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). He was a member of the House of Habsburg.
Apr 30, 2024 · Rudolf I (born May 1, 1218, Limburg-im-Breisgau [Germany]—died July 15, 1291, Speyer) was the first German king of the Habsburg dynasty. A son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, Rudolf on the occasion of his father’s death (c. 1239) inherited lands in upper Alsace, the Aargau, and Breisgau.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Apr 4, 2024 · The eldest surviving son of the emperor Maximilian II and Maria, who was the daughter of the emperor Charles V, Rudolf was crowned king of Hungary in 1572 (as Rudolf) and of Bohemia in 1575 (as Rudolf II).
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Rudolf I (1 May 1218 – 15 July 1291) was the first King of Germany from the House of Habsburg. The first of the count-kings of Germany, he reigned from 1273 until his death in 1291. Rudolf's election marked the end of the Great Interregnum which had begun after the death of the Hohenstaufen Emperor Frederick II in 1250.
The election of Rudolf of Habsburg as Roman-German King took place at the close of a period that is often described as the Great Interregnum. The year 1250 had seen the death of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II, who is regarded as one of the most important rulers of the later medieval period.
His election came as a surprise to him, as he was not among the most powerful princes of the Empire. King Ottokar II Přemysl of Bohemia (c. 1232–1278) was by far the most important of the electors and regarded himself as the natural head of the Empire.
The son of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II, Rudolf spent eight years of his youth at the court of his uncle, Philip II of Spain. In 1572 Rudolf became king of Hungary. By 1576 he was also ruler of Bohemia, Austria, and the Holy Roman Empire.
