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What does deoxyribonucleic acid mean?
What is the abbreviation for DNA?
What is a mitochondrial matrix?
What is the function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
Jun 1, 2023 · Mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) is a small circular DNA found within mitochondria present in the cytoplasm of a cell. This DNA is supplementary to the nucleic acid material found in the nucleus of each cell. The mtDNA codes for 37 genes that promote the proper functioning of some cells.
- 10.7759/cureus.39812
- 2023/06
- Cureus. 2023 Jun; 15(6): e39812.
- Overview
- Role in energy production
A mitochondrion is a round to oval-shaped organelle found in the cells of almost all eukaryotic organisms. It produces energy, known as ATP, for the cell through a series of chemical reactions.
What do the mitochondria do?
Known as the “powerhouses of the cell,” mitochondria produce the energy necessary for the cell’s survival and functioning. Through a series of chemical reactions, mitochondria break down glucose into an energy molecule known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used to fuel various other cellular processes. In addition to producing energy, mitochondria store calcium for cell signaling, generate heat, and are involved in cell growth and death.
Where are the mitochondria found?
Mitochondria are found in the cells of nearly every eukaryotic organism, including plants and animals. Cells that require a lot of energy, such as muscle cells, can contain hundreds or thousands of mitochondria. A few types of cells, such as red blood cells, lack mitochondria entirely. As prokaryotic organisms, bacteria and archaea do not have mitochondria.
mitochondrion, membrane-bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of almost all eukaryotic cells (cells with clearly defined nuclei), the primary function of which is to generate large quantities of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondria are typically round to oval in shape and range in size from 0.5 to 10 μm. In addition to producing energy, mitochondria store calcium for cell signaling activities, generate heat, and mediate cell growth and death.
The outer mitochondrial membrane is freely permeable to small molecules and contains special channels capable of transporting large molecules. In contrast, the inner membrane is far less permeable, allowing only very small molecules to cross into the gel-like matrix that makes up the organelle’s central mass. The matrix contains the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the mitochondrial genome and the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle, or Krebs cycle), which metabolizes nutrients into by-products the mitochondrion can use for energy production.
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The processes that convert these by-products into energy occur primarily on the inner membrane, which is bent into folds known as cristae that house the protein components of the main energy-generating system of cells, the ETC. The ETC uses a series of oxidation-reduction reactions to move electrons from one protein component to the next, ultimately producing free energy that is harnessed to drive the phosphorylation of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) to ATP. This process, known as chemiosmotic coupling of oxidative phosphorylation, powers nearly all cellular activities, including those that generate muscle movement and fuel brain functions.
- Kara Rogers
Apr 24, 2024 · Deoxyribonucleic Acid (biology/genetics definition): A helical double-stranded nucleic acid that is crucial for containing the genetic information for cell growth, division, and function . Abbreviation: DNA. Variant: desoxyribonucleic acid. Synonyms: deoxyribose nucleic acid; desoxyribose nucleic acid.
Jan 23, 2024 · Mitochondria have a unique structure which is key to their function: Outer Membrane: This smooth membrane encloses the entire organelle and is permeable to ions and small molecules. It is similar in composition to the cell’s plasma membrane. Integral membrane proteins called porins allow for transport between the mitochondrion and the cell ...
Deoxyribonucleic acid, more commonly known as DNA, is a complex molecule that contains all of the information necessary to build and maintain an organism.All living things have DNA within their cells.
Jun 1, 2023 · Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA inherited from the mother during fertilization. Evolutionary evidence supported by the endosymbiotic theory identifies mitochondria as an organelle that could have descended from prokaryotes. This may be the reason for the independe …
Looking for the abbreviation of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid? Find out what is the most common shorthand of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid on Abbreviations.com! The Web's largest and most authoritative acronyms and abbreviations resource.
