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  1. Oct 28, 2020 · The phrase “et al.” is used with in-text citations (including APA parenthetical citations) only when referencing a source that has three or more authors. Include the name of only the first author’s last name plus “et al.” in every citation.

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  3. The abbreviation “ et al. ” (meaning “and others”) is used to shorten APA in-text citations with three or more authors. Here’s how it works: Only include the first author’s last name, followed by “et al.”, a comma and the year of publication, for example (Taylor et al., 2018).

  4. List only the first author’s name followed by “et al.” in every citation, even the first, unless doing so would create ambiguity between different sources.

  5. To useet al. ” in your references, state the name of the first listed author and follow it by “et al.” in italics in the author section of the citation. Example reference structure (journal): 1 st author’s surname, Initial. et al. (Year published) ‘Article title’, Name of Journal, Volume (Issue), pp. 00-00. Example reference (journal):

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  6. Use “et al.” for 3+ authors in MLA in-text citations and Works Cited entries. Use “et al.” for 4+ authors in a Chicago in-text citation, and for 10+ authors in a Chicago bibliography entry.

  7. Nov 3, 2011 · Namely, use et al. as usual but also include lowercase letters after the year (2010a, 2010b, etc.) to tell the references apart. For more information and examples on citing references in text, see Chapter 6 of our sixth edition Publication Manual (pp. 174–179).

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