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- Hammond organs often use the Leslie effect, which is produced by a rotating baffle and horn. They speed up and slow down at different rates, and have become the 'Hammond sound'. But what's actually happening? There's certainly a tremolo effect, where the volume changes as the sound is moved around.
music.stackexchange.com › questions › 122413acoustics - What's actually going on with the Leslie effect ...
Hammond B3 organ players can add tremolo to smooth out notes or spice them up by adding a little shake or tremolo. Learn how to use the tremolo feature of a Hammond B3 organ in this free...
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Apr 24, 2022 · Hammond organs often use the Leslie effect, which is produced by a rotating baffle and horn. They speed up and slow down at different rates, and have become the 'Hammond sound'. But what's actually happening? There's certainly a tremolo effect, where the volume changes as the sound is moved around.
- Drawbars
- Foldback
- Key Click
- Harmonic Leakage
- Chorus/Vibrato Scanner
- The Easy Parts of The B3
- Working Out The Frequencies of The Tones Used
- What Frequencies Are used?
The harmonics, footages, and notes used on the Hammond drawbars are shown below: As can be seen, for each note, the harmonics go three octaves above it, and one octave below. The basic pitch of the instrument runs from tone 13 to tone 73. This pitch is provided by the 3rd drawbar, the fundamental. The 5⅓’ footage is oddly placed as the second drawb...
Harmonic foldback is used to reduce the required number of pitches at both ends of the keyboard. It affects the 3rd and subsequent harmonics at the top, and the sub-fundamental harmonic at the bottom. This is shown in the following table, which shows the tonewheels (1-91) used for each harmonic The 3rd harmonic repeats the highest C. The 4th harmon...
The mechanical key contacts on the B3 have audio level signals present on them. Switching these directly through to the output caused audible clicks. These clicks have become a signature part of the Hammond sound. The clicking is caused by a combination of the nine key contacts not shutting simultaneously, and contact bounce exacerbated by dirty co...
The Hammond tonewheel generator contains a series of metal dividers, which break the generator up into “bins”. Each bin contains 2 tonewheels which are connected to the same driven gear. There is a certain amount of magnetic leakage between tones that are in the same bin, so it is possible to hear harmonic leakage either four octaves above or below...
The Hammond chorus/vibrato circuit has become famous in its own right, with organs that have a “real” scanner-based vibrato being more valuable than those without. So what is this circuit and how does it work? In short, it is a 9 stage delay line. The delay is produced using LC phase shift circuits. It can produce only a very short delay of around ...
The output circuits are pretty straightforward. The busbars are simple mixer circuits that sum all the notes pressed down, and the drawbars control the output volume from each harmonic’s mixer. These harmonics are then mixed in the final output mixer before being amplified. Getting this to sound like a B3 is a question of tone and technology – usin...
The frequency of a particular tone depends on a number of things: 1. M – The main motor speed, 20 revs/second (1200 rpm) 2. T – The number of teeth on the tonewheel 3. R – The gear ratio. This is equal to the number of teeth on the driving gear / number of teeth on driven gear. The ratios in the Hammond are as follows: The formula for the exact fre...
The bottom octave runs from 32.69Hz to 65.38Hz. These tones are the complex tonewheels and are only available on the pedals. The tones for the manuals run from 65.38Hz (the lowest C) to 2092.31Hz (the highest C). The tone generator also generates harmonics another octave and a bit above this, to the C above (4184.62Hz) and finally to the F# above t...
Mr. Leslie found that rotating a baffle in front of a stationary speaker added a very pleasing “tremolo-type” sound to organ music. This technique is a musical application of the “Doppler effect,” which is the apparent variation in pitch that a stationary listener hears from a moving sound source.
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The terms tremolo, tremulant, and vibrato have been pretty loosely used in many disciplines. Many actually have elements of both, but strictly speaking tremolo is volume modulation and vibrato is frequency modulation.
Mar 21, 2005 · Prior to World War II, Hammond organs featured a tremolo system that would change the loudness of the organ at a periodic rate. This was to simulate a similar feature on pipe organs (almost exclusively theater organs) that would shake the wind regulator to deliver a periodic change in air pressure.
A similar effect is provided by a rotating system of horns in front of the treble driver. It is most commonly associated with the Hammond organ, though it was later used for the electric guitar and other instruments. A typical Leslie speaker contains an amplifier, a treble horn and a bass speaker—though specific components depend upon the model.
