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Strength, duration, and direction of the vortices
- Wake turbulence from the generating aircraft can affect encountering aircraft due to the strength, duration, and direction of the vortices. Wake turbulence can impose rolling moments exceeding the roll-control authority of encountering aircraft, causing possible injury to occupants and damage to aircraft.
www.faa.gov › air_traffic › publicationsSection 4. Wake Turbulence - Federal Aviation Administration
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Wake turbulence from the generating aircraft can affect encountering aircraft due to the strength, duration, and direction of the vortices. Wake turbulence can impose rolling moments exceeding the roll-control authority of encountering aircraft, causing possible injury to occupants and damage to aircraft.
Aug 1, 2023 · When the aircraft touches down, the vortices end. By flying your airplane above their flight path, and landing beyond their touchdown point, you're almost guaranteed to avoid a wake turbulence encounter. Boldmethod. Avoiding Wake Turbulence On Takeoff.
Wake turbulence from the generating aircraft can affect encountering aircraft due to the strength and behavior of the vortices. This can impose rolling moments exceeding the roll-control authority of encountering aircraft, causing possible injury to occupants and damage to aircraft.
- What Are Wing Tip vortices?
- How Wing Tip Vortices Lead to Wake Turbulence
- The Movement of The Vortices Near The Ground
- Procedures to Be Followed by The Pilots When Encountering Wake Turbulence
- The Aircraft Separation
The wing tip vortices or tip vortices are generated due to the difference in pressure between the upper and lower surface of the wing. The upper surface of a wing is at a lower pressure, and the lower surface is at a higher pressure. It is also this pressure difference that enables a wing to create lift. As the lower surface of the wing is at a hig...
The right- and left-wing tip vortices generally remain separated from each other by about ¾ x wingspan of the aircraft that generates them, and they tend to extend to about nine nautical miles behind the aircraft. In still air, they sink downwards to about 500 to 1000 ft below the altitude of the aircraft. The first tip vortices begin when the airc...
Now that it is established that the vortices are strongest when an aircraft is approaching for landing and at the point of lift-off, it is important to understand the behavior of the tip vortices near the ground. Tip vortices are highly affected by atmospheric turbulence and wind conditions. In calm air or still winds, when an aircraft is within 1,...
An encounter with wake vortices can cause the aircraft to enter a roll. The full effect of a trailing vortex is felt when the aircraft enters it laterally. The intensity of this rolling depends on the strength of the vortices. The behavior of the aircraft once in the vortex can be unpredictable. Usually, due to the rotational nature of the vortex, ...
Due to the dangers of wake vortices, there are separation rules that apply to all aircraft. ICAO identifies aircraft wake categories based on the Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) of the airplane. The categories are: 1. Super (J): The only aircraft in this category is the Airbus A380, with an MTOW of 560,000 kg 2. Heavy (H):Aircraft with MTOW greater t...
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For instance, the wake of larger aircraft can impose rolling moments that exceed the roll control authority of smaller encountering aircraft. Further, turbulence generated by vortices can damage aircraft components and equipment as well as cause personal injuries.
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Wake turbulence is a disturbance in the atmosphere that forms behind an aircraft as it passes through the air. It includes several components, the most significant of which are wingtip vortices and jet-wash, the rapidly moving gases expelled from a jet engine. Wake turbulence is especially hazardous in the region behind an aircraft in the ...
The effect of wake turbulence on an aircraft depends on many factors, including the weight and the wingspan of the following aircraft and relative positions of the following aircraft and wake vortices. In its mildest form, you may only experience a slight rocking of the wings, similar to flying through mechanical turbulence.
