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This site contains the full online searchable text of the Alcoholic Beverage Control Law, the Criminal Procedure Law, the Penal Law and the Vehicle and Traffic Law for the State of New York. Also the Civil Rights Law, Family Court Act, U.S. Constitution and selected articles from the Navigation Law . Penal Law Code ALPHABETICAL SORTABLE LISTING ...
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Offenses Against Person Involving Physical Injury - Part 3...
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Title C - Penal Law. Article 25, 30, 35 and 40 Defenses in...
- Marihuana Offense Guide
Penalty Details Penal Law 220.34 - Sale of any amount of...
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CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW ; CPL Index by Article; CPL Index by...
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Law Spelling Guide; Legal Terms Defined; Site F.A.Q.'s; Site...
- Penal Law Part 1
Part 1 - NYS Penal Law. General Provisions. Principles of...
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NY State Codes - Part 3 - Title I - Penal Law. Article...
- NY Penal Law Offenses
This section contains the searchable criminal code of New...
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Title N NYS Penal Law. Article 240.00 241.00 242.00 245.00...
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Criminal offenses are punishable by sanctions like fines or jail time. Common law, federal criminal law statutes, state criminal codes, and local government legislatures make up the criminal law system. The Model Penal Code also serves as a guide to state laws for establishing and defining criminal offenses. Criminal statutes describe the type ...
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- Criminal Codes
- Codification of Criminal Procedure
- Elements of A Crime
- Types of Crimes
- Sentencing Guidelines
- Liability For accomplices
- Ex Post Facto
- Punishing For Status
- Defenses
- Further Reading
Each state decides what conduct to designate a crime. Thus, each state has its own criminal code. Congress has also chosen to punish certain conduct, codifying federal criminal law in Title 18 of the U.S. Code. Criminal laws vary significantly among the states and the federal government. While some statutes resemble the common law criminal code, ot...
Congress codified the federal criminal law and criminal procedure in Title 18 of the U.S. Code with §§ 1 to 2725 dealing with crimes. Title 18 designates various conduct as federal crimes, such as arson, use of chemical weapons, counterfeit and forgery, embezzlement, espionage, genocide, and kidnapping. These statutes usually prescribe a maximum se...
An individual commits a crime if they act in a way that fulfills every element of an offense. The statute establishing the offense also establishes the elements of the offense. In general, every crime involves three elements: first, the act or conduct (“actus reus”); second, the individual’s mental state at the time of the act (“mens rea”); and thi...
Crimes can be generally separated into four categories: felonies, misdemeanors, inchoate offenses, and strict liabilityoffenses. Each state, and the federal government, decides what sort of conduct to criminalize. At common law, there were nine major felonies (Murder, Robbery, Manslaughter, Rape, Sodomy, Larceny, Arson, Mayhem, and Burglary) and va...
The federal government and state governments have created various sentencing guidelines. Federal courts use the Federal Sentencing Guidelines, while state courts will look at state-specific sentencing guidelines.
When multiple parties are involved, the traditional first step is to classify the participants according to the following categories: 1. Principal in the first degree– those who actually commit a crime (i.e. the perpetrator). Perpetrators are not accomplices and this section does not pertain to them. 2. Principal in the second degree– those who aid...
An ex post facto law retroactively punishes actions. The Constitution explicitly forbids this practices in Article 1, Sections 9 and 10.
A law cannot punish a person simply for their status. As the Supreme Court explained in Robinson v. California, 370 U.S. 660 (1962), any statute that criminalizes the status of a person inflicts a cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment and Fourteenth Amendment. For example, a state could not punish an individual for “bein...
There are a number of defenses available to a defendant in a criminal prosecution. The following list illustrates some common defenses individuals rely on: 1. Failure of Proof – an individual’s simplest defense in a criminal prosecution is to claim that the prosecution has not or cannot prove an element of the offense. 2. Mistakes – in certain circ...
For more on criminal law, see this Florida State University Law Review article, this Harvard Law Review article, and this Boston College International and Comparative Law Review article.
The most basic definition of a crime is “an act committed in violation of a law prohibiting it, or omitted in violation of a law ordering it” (Yourdictionary.com, 2010). You learn about criminal act and omission to act in Chapter 4 “The Elements of a Crime”. For now, it is important to understand that criminal act, omission to act, and ...
Penal Code as guidelines. Although it is neither possible nor desirable to discuss every criminal law, this textbook provides a basic yet thorough overview of the American criminal justice system. After completing Criminal Law, you will be familiar with the nature and sources of law, the court system, the
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The Penal Code defines and prohibits criminal offenses. Section 160 of the Code permits abortion in cases where the pregnancy would involve risk of injury to physical or mental health and in cases of fetal impairment, rape, defilement or incest. The abortion must be carried out by a registered medical practitioner and with the consent of two medical practitioners.
The American Model Penal Code defines the purpose of criminal law as: to prevent any conduct that cause or may cause harm to people or society, to enact public order, to define what crimes are criminal, to warn the public what is a crime, and to make the clear distinction between a minor and a serious offense.
