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Lists covering some of the major causes and effects of the American Civil War, conflict between the United States and the 11 Southern states that seceded from the Union. The war, which arose out of disputes over the issues of slavery and states’ rights, proved to be the deadliest conflict in American history.
- Causes of the Civil War. In the mid-19th century, while the United States was experiencing an era of tremendous growth, a fundamental economic difference existed between the country’s northern and southern regions.
- Outbreak of the Civil War (1861) Even as Lincoln took office in March 1861, Confederate forces threatened the federal-held Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina.
- The Civil War in Virginia (1862) George B. McClellan—who replaced the aging General Winfield Scott as supreme commander of the Union Army after the first months of the war—was beloved by his troops, but his reluctance to advance frustrated Lincoln.
- After the Emancipation Proclamation (1863-4) Lincoln had used the occasion of the Union victory at Antietam to issue a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which freed all enslaved people in the rebellious states after January 1, 1863.
Mar 14, 2022 · What caused the American Civil War? Get the facts on everything from slavery and the Dred Scott Decision to Abraham Lincoln's election. The original impetus of the Civil War was set in motion when a Dutch trader offloaded a cargo of African slaves at Jamestown, Va., in 1619.
- Pressing Issues That Led to the Civil War. The Civil War erupted from a variety of long-standing tensions and disagreements about American life and politics.
- Slavery in the Economy and Society. At the time of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the enslavement of people not only remained legal in all 13 British American colonies, but it also continued to play a significant role in their economies and societies.
- States and Federal Rights. Since the time of the American Revolution, two camps emerged when it came to the role of government. Some people argued for greater rights for the states and others argued that the federal government needed to have more control.
- Pro-slavery States and Free States. As America began to expand—first with the lands gained from the Louisiana Purchase and later with the Mexican War—the question arose of whether new states would be pro-slavery states or free states.
- The Compromise of 1850. Compromise of 1850. In the wake of the Mexican War, tensions developed between the North and South over whether the western land gained by the U.S. should become free or slave territory.
- The Fugitive Slave Act. Fugitive Slave Acts. An existing federal law, enacted by Congress in 1793, allowed local governments to seize and return escaped slaves to their owners, and imposed penalties upon anyone who aided their flight.
- 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' Is Published. Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811-1896. In 1851, author Harriet Beecher Stowe, who was still grieving the loss of her 18-month-old son Samuel to cholera two years earlier, wrote to the publisher of a Washington, D.C.-
- The Kansas-Nebraska Act. Kansas-Nebraska Act. In 1854, Senator Douglas, the author of the Compromise of 1850, introduced another piece of legislation “to organize the Territory of Nebraska,” an area that covered not just that present-day state but also Kansas, as well as Montana and the Dakotas, according to the U.S. Senate’s history of the law.
A key issue was states' rights. The Southern states wanted to assert their authority over the federal government so they could abolish federal laws they didn't support, especially laws...
