Search results
January 1, 1560
- The 1560s decade ran from January 1, 1560, to December 31, 1569.
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › 1560s
People also ask
When did the 1560s start and end?
What happened in 1560-1600?
What happened in 1621 & 1635?
What happened in 1644 in the Netherlands?
The 1560s decade ran from January 1, 1560, to December 31, 1569. Events. 1560. January–March.
4 days ago · Eighty Years’ War, (1568–1648), the war of Netherlands independence from Spain, which led to the separation of the northern and southern Netherlands and to the formation of the United Provinces of the Netherlands (the Dutch Republic). The first phase of the war began with two unsuccessful invasions.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Wars of Religion, (1562–98) conflicts in France between Protestants and Roman Catholics. The spread of French Calvinism persuaded the French ruler Catherine de Médicis to show more tolerance for the Huguenot s, which angered the powerful Roman Catholic Guise family.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Initial Stages
- Resurgence
- De Facto Independence of The North
- Twelve Years' Truce
- Final Stages
- Aftermath
- Referencesisbn Links Support Nwe Through Referral Fees
Iconoclasm and repression
On Assumption of the Virgin feast day in 1566 (usually marked a procession of a statue of Mary the mother of Jesus Christ), a small incident outside the Antwerp cathedral started a massive iconoclastic movement by the Calvinists. In the wake of the incident on August 15, they stormed the churches in the Netherlands and destroyed statues and images of Roman Catholic saints. According to Calvinist beliefs, statues represented the worship of false idols, which they believed to be heretical pract...
William of Orange
William I of Orange was stadtholderof the provinces Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht, and Margrave of Antwerp. After the arrest of Egmont and Horne, he fled from the Burgundian Empire to the lands ruled by his wife's father—the Elector Count of Saxony. All his lands and titles in the Netherlands were forfeited and he was branded an outlaw. In 1568 William returned to try and drive the highly unpopular Duke of Alba from Brussels. He did not see this as an act of treason against the king. This view...
By 1572 the Spanish had mostly suppressed the rebellion throughout the Netherlands. Alba's proposal to introduce a new tax, the "tenth penny," aroused great protest from both Catholics and Protestants, and support for the rebels grew. With the capture of Brielle by the Sea Beggars on April 1, 1572, the rebels gained a foothold in the north. This wa...
With the war going against them, the United Provinces sought help from France and England. The Dutch even offered them the monarchy of the Netherlands, which both declined. England had unofficially been supporting the Dutch for years, and now decided to intervene directly. In 1585 under the Treaty of Nonsuch, Elizabeth Isent Robert Dudley, Earl of ...
1609 saw the start of a ceasefire, afterward called the Twelve Years' Truce, between the United Provinces and the Spanish controlled southern states, mediated by France and England at The Hague. It was during this ceasefire the Dutch made great efforts to build their navy, which was later to have a crucial bearing on the course of the war. During t...
Dutch successes
In 1622 a Spanish attack on the important fortress town of Bergen op Zoom was repelled.In 1625 Maurice died while the Spanish laid siege to the city of Breda. His half-brother Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, took command of the army. The Spanish commander Ambrosio Spinola (1569-1630) succeeded in conquering the city of Breda (an episode immortalized by the Spanish painter Diego Velázquez (1599-1660) in his famous painting Las Lanzas). After that victory the tide started to change in favor...
Colonial theater
As the European countries were starting to build their empires, the war between the countries extended to colonies as well. Fights for land were fought as far away as Macao, East Indies, Ceylon, Formosa (Taiwan), the Philippines, Brazil, and others. The main of these conflicts would become known as the Dutch-Portuguese War. In the Western colonies, Dutch allowed privateering by their captains in the Caribbean to drain the Spanish coffers, and fill their own. The most successful raid was the c...
Stalemate
It became increasingly clear to all parties in the conflict that the Spanish would never succeed in restoring their rule to the territories north of the Meuse-Rhine delta and that the Dutch Republic did not have the strength to conquer the South. In 1639 Spain sent a second armada, reminiscent of the great fleet that sailed against England in 1588, bound for Flanders, carrying 20,000 troops to assist in a last large scale attempt to defeat the northern "rebels." The armada was decisively defe...
Nature of the war
The Eighty Years' War began with a series of classical battles fought by regular soldiers and mercenaries. While successes for both parties were limited, costs were high. As the revolt and its suppression centered largely on issues of religious freedom and taxation, the conflict necessarily involved not only soldiers but also civilians at all levels of society. This may be one reason as to the resolve and subsequent successes of the Dutch rebels in defending cities. Given the involvement of a...
Effect on the Low Countries
In the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549, Charles V established the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands as an entity separate from France, Burgundy or the Holy Roman Empire. The Netherlands at this point was among the wealthiest regions in Europe, and an important center of trade, finance and art. The Eighty Years' War introduced a sharp breach in the region, with the Dutch Republic (the present-day Netherlands) growing into a world power (see Dutch Golden Age), and the Southern Netherlands (more...
Effect on the Spanish Empire
The conquest of America made Spain into the leading European power of the sixteenth century. This brought them in continuous conflict with France and the emerging power England. In addition, the deeply religious monarchs Charles V and Philip II saw a role for themselves as protectors of the catholic faith against Islamin the Mediterranean and against Protestantism in northern Europe. This meant the Spanish Empire was almost continuously at war. Of all these conflicts, the Eighty Years' War wa...
Howarth, Stephen. The Knights Templar. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1991 (original 1982). ISBN 0880296631Phillips, Kevin. American Theocracy. Penguin Books, 2007 (original 2005). ISBN 067003486XJul 26, 2019 · “By the 1560s, [Elizabeth I] had abandoned the sobriety of the dark colors and subdued fabrics of the Spanish styles adopted during Mary Tudor’s reign. Vivid colors were applied to both women’s and men’s’ apparel—crimson, peacock blue, golden ochre, and a myriad of vibrant jewel tones.
The 1560s was a decade that started on 1 January 1560 and ended on 31 December 1569. It is distinct from the decade known as the 157th decade which began on January 1, 1561. and ended on December 31, 1570.
The revolt of the Netherlands against Spanish rule, also known as the Eighty Years' War, is traditionally said to have begun in June 1568, when the Spanish executed Counts Egmont and Horne in Brussels. The tensions that led to open revolt, however, had much earlier origins.
